第 4.14 节 Hyprland
最后更新于
最后更新于
Hyprland 是 Wayland 的一个合成器，支持窗口透明、模糊、圆角等等，动画效果做的不错。
使用 pkg 安装：
# pkg ins hyprland waybar wofi qt6-base qt5-wayland qt6-wayland xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland hyprpicker swaybg mako nerd-fonts slurp grim swaylock kitty dolphin或者使用 Ports 安装：
# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/hyprland/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/waybar/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/wofi/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/devel/qt6-base/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/qt5-wayland/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/qt6-wayland/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/hyprpicker/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/swaybg/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/mako/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/nerd-fonts/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/slurp/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/grim/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/swaylock/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fm/dolphin/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/kitty/ && make install clean注意
作为依赖会自动安装 dbus 及 wayland。
解释：
hyprland
动态平铺式 Wayland 合成器
waybar
为 wlroots 合成器（如 Hyprland）设计的 GTK 状态栏
wofi
程序启动器（或者用 rofi 也可以，可以了解一下）
qt6-base
Qt 6 的基础模块
qt5-wayland
Qt 5 的 Wayland 支持模块，能让 Qt 5 应用程序在 Wayland 环境中运行。
qt6-wayland
Qt 6 的 Wayland 支持模块，能让 Qt 6 应用程序在 Wayland 环境中运行。
xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland
Hyprland 的 XDG Desktop Portal 实现，提供与其他应用程序的通信接口
hyprpicker
颜色选择器
swaybg
壁纸工具
mako
显示通知
nerd-fonts
图标字体，可以用来在配置文件中插入图案，显示在 waybar 等地方
slurp
屏幕选择工具，用来在屏幕上选区
grim
屏幕截图工具
swaylock
锁屏工具
kitty
终端
dolphin
文件管理器
# service seatd enable
# service dbus enable重要：
如果启动报错提示未设置 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR ，可以使用下面方法进行设置。这里以 zsh 为默认 shell 作为示例：
在
~/.zprofile里面写入：（如果默认shell是sh，写入~/.profile，echo $0可以显示默认shell）export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/var/run/user/`id -u`随后重启：
rebootCtrl+Alt+F2 进入 tty，执行
ck-launch-session Hyprland，这会在~/.config/hypr生成一个默认配置文件。
如果需要自动启动，请将下行写入 ~/.zprofile：
ck-launch-session Hyprland如果默认 shell 是 sh，应写入 ~/.profile 也可以指定配置文件 Hyprland -c 配置文件路径
Hyprland 窗口焦点切换和传统桌面有所区别，它是鼠标光标放在哪个窗口上（没错是“放在”，不需要点击一下），窗口焦点就在哪里，没有 Alt+Tab 这种快捷键去切换。
文件位置：~/.config/hypr/hyprland.conf
Hyprland 启动后默认顶部会有一个黄色的条带警告标识。配置文件中可以把它注释掉，找到这行并注释掉 # autogenerated = 1
默认以 Windows 徽标键（类 Unix 中为 Super 键，下同）为 mod 键（根据个人习惯设置，也可以设置为 Alt 键等等）$mainMod = SUPER
悬浮窗口和传统桌面环境中的行为类似，可以随意拖动到屏幕上的任何位置，可以用鼠标调节窗口大小。默认的配置文件中是按住 mod 键，然后鼠标左键按住悬浮窗口可以拖动窗口进行移动，而按住右键拖动窗口可以调节窗口的大小。设置默认悬浮的窗口：windowrulev2 = float, title:QQ
建议阅读一下下面的配置文件 hyprland.conf ，swaybg 用于设置壁纸，别忘了修改成你自己的图片文件的路径。
5.任务栏：exec-once=waybar
hyprland.conf 示例：
# 进入 Hyprland 后自动启动 fcitx5（已经注释掉，按照5.2章安装后自行取消注释即可）
#exec-once=fcitx5
# 设置壁纸，别忘了修改成自己壁纸文件的路径！！！
#exec-once=swaybg -i "$HOME/Pictures/Wallpapers/壁纸.jpg"
# 任务栏
exec-once=waybar
# swaylock 锁屏
exec-once=swayidle -w timeout 300 'swaylock'
# Please note not all available settings / options are set here.
# For a full list, see the wiki
# autogenerated = 1 # 移除或者注释这一行以消除屏幕顶部警告标识。
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Monitors/
monitor=,preferred,auto,auto
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Keywords/ for more
# Source a file (multi-file configs)
# source = ~/.config/hypr/myColors.conf
# Some default env vars.
env = XCURSOR_SIZE,24
# For all categories, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/
input {
kb_layout = us
kb_variant =
kb_model =
kb_options =
kb_rules =
follow_mouse = 1
touchpad {
natural_scroll = no
}
sensitivity = 0 # -1.0 - 1.0, 0 means no modification.
}
general {
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/ for more
gaps_in = 5
gaps_out = 20
border_size = 2
col.active_border = rgba(33ccffee) rgba(00ff99ee) 45deg
col.inactive_border = rgba(595959aa)
layout = dwindle
}
animations {
enabled = yes
# Some default animations, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Animations/ for more
bezier = myBezier, 0.05, 0.9, 0.1, 1.05
animation = windows, 1, 7, myBezier
animation = windowsOut, 1, 7, default, popin 80%
animation = border, 1, 10, default
animation = borderangle, 1, 8, default
animation = fade, 1, 7, default
animation = workspaces, 1, 6, default
}
dwindle {
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Dwindle-Layout/ for more
pseudotile = yes # master switch for pseudotiling. Enabling is bound to mainMod + P in the keybinds section below
preserve_split = yes # you probably want this
}
gestures {
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Variables/ for more
workspace_swipe = off
}
# 窗口规则
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Window-Rules/ for more
windowrulev2 = float, title:rofi.*
windowrulev2 = float, title:QQ
windowrulev2 = float, title:图片查看器
# See https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Keywords/ for more
$mainMod = SUPER # 用 win 键作为 mainmod 键
$shiftMod=SUPER_SHIFT
$altMod=SUPER_ALT
$alt=ALT
$shift=SHIFT
# Example binds, see https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Binds/ for more
bind = $mainMod, Q, exec, kitty # 打开终端
bind = $mainMod, C, killactive, # 关闭窗口
bind = $mainMod, M, exit, # 注销
bind = $mainMod, E, exec, dolphin # 文件管理器
bind = $mainMod, V, togglefloating, # 切换为悬浮窗口，可拖动
bind = $mainMod, R, exec, wofi --show drun # 软件启动器，类似菜单
bind = $mainMod, P, pseudo, # 焦点窗口（光标对准的窗口）在平铺窗口原本占有的区域内自由调节大小和位置
bind = $mainMod, J, togglesplit, # 调节焦点窗口与相邻窗口的排布方向，上下排列或者左右排列。
### 截图
$screen_file=${HOME}/screen_shot_$(date + "%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S").png
bind=$shiftMod, S, exec, grim -g "$(slurp)" - | wl-copy
bind=, Print, exec, grim $screen_file
bind=$shift, Print,exec, grim -g "$(slurp)" $screen_file
bind=$alt, Print, exec, grim - | wl-copy
# Move focus with mainMod + arrow keys
bind = $mainMod, left, movefocus, l
bind = $mainMod, right, movefocus, r
bind = $mainMod, up, movefocus, u
bind = $mainMod, down, movefocus, d
# Switch workspaces with mainMod + [0-9]
# 切换工作区 mainmod 键+数字键，1到0对应10个工作区。
bind = $mainMod, 1, workspace, 1
bind = $mainMod, 2, workspace, 2
bind = $mainMod, 3, workspace, 3
bind = $mainMod, 4, workspace, 4
bind = $mainMod, 5, workspace, 5
bind = $mainMod, 6, workspace, 6
bind = $mainMod, 7, workspace, 7
bind = $mainMod, 8, workspace, 8
bind = $mainMod, 9, workspace, 9
bind = $mainMod, 0, workspace, 10
# Move active window to a workspace with mainMod + SHIFT + [0-9]
# 把窗口移动到别的工作区，例如 mainmod+Shift+2（win 键 +2 是查看工作区 1）
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 1, movetoworkspace, 1
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 2, movetoworkspace, 2
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 3, movetoworkspace, 3
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 4, movetoworkspace, 4
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 5, movetoworkspace, 5
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 6, movetoworkspace, 6
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 7, movetoworkspace, 7
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 8, movetoworkspace, 8
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 9, movetoworkspace, 9
bind = $mainMod SHIFT, 0, movetoworkspace, 10
# 使用 mainMod + 鼠标滚轮 滚动浏览现有工作区
bind = $mainMod, mouse_down, workspace, e+1
bind = $mainMod, mouse_up, workspace, e-1
# Move/resize windows with mainMod + LMB/RMB and dragging
bindm = $mainMod, mouse:272, movewindow
bindm = $mainMod, mouse:273, resizewindow
文件位置：~/.config/kitty/kitty.conf 示例：
# Look and feel
## Color
# include ./obsidian.color.conf
## 字体设置
font_family Hasklug Nerd Font Mono
font_size 14.0
#font_features FiraCodeNerdFontCompleteM-Retina +ss02 +ss03 +ss04 +ss05 +ss07 +zero
## 文本光标设置
cursor_blink_interval 2.0
cursor_stop_blinking_after 5.0
## Scrollback
scrollback_lines -1
## 鼠标相关设置
copy_on_select yes # 选中文本时复制
mouse_hide_wait 2.0 # 定时隐藏鼠标
## 提示🔔
enable_audio_bell no
visual_bell_duration 0.3
bell_on_tab yes
## Tabs
tab_bar_edge top
tab_bar_style powerline
tab_powerline_style angled
active_tab_foreground #111
active_tab_background #eee
active_tab_font_style bold
inactive_tab_foreground #666
inactive_tab_background #888
tab_bar_background #444
inactive_tab_font_style normal
tab_title_template "{fmt.fg.gray}{index}{fmt.fg.default}:{title}"
active_tab_title_template "{title}"
# Mechanics
input_delay 2
editor nvim
allow_remote_control no
allow_hyperlinks no
term xterm-256color
macos_option_as_alt yes
macos_quit_when_last_window_closed yes
strip_trailing_spaces smart
update_check_interval 72
hide_window_decorations titlebar-only
# Shortcuts
clear_all_shortcuts yes
## The defaults
map ctrl+a pipe @text tab pbcopy
map ctrl+shift+c copy_to_clipboard
map ctrl+shift+v paste_from_clipboard
map ctrl+alt+j scroll_page_up
map ctrl+alt+k scroll_page_down
map ctrl+k clear_terminal reset active
## 标签页管理
map ctrl+t new_tab_with_cwd !neighbor
map alt+s next_tab
map alt+a previous_tab
map alt+q close_tab
map ctrl+s set_tab_title
map ctrl+shift+left move_tab_backward
map ctrl+shift+right move_tab_forward
map alt+1 goto_tab 1
map alt+2 goto_tab 2
map alt+3 goto_tab 3
map alt+4 goto_tab 4
map alt+5 goto_tab 5
map alt+6 goto_tab 6
map alt+7 goto_tab 7
map alt+8 goto_tab 8
map alt+9 goto_tab 9
# 文字大小调节
map ctrl+equal change_font_size current +1.0
map ctrl+minus change_font_size current -1.0
map ctrl+0 change_font_size current 0
#include ${ARCH}.conf
waybar 的配置文件目录在主目录的 .config/waybar 文件夹里面，包含一个 config.jsonc 文件，和一个 style.css. 可以参考使用示例配置文件的 waybar 文件夹。示例配置文件中需要安装 noto-enoji 字体才能正常显示，也可以改成自己想要的图标。
config.jsonc 示例：
{
"position": "top",
"layer": "top",
"height": 16,
"margin-top": 0,
"margin-bottom": 0,
"margin-left": 0,
"margin-right": 0,
"modules-left": ["custom/launcher", "wlr/workspaces", "custom/playerctl", "custom/playerlabel"],
"modules-center": ["cpu", "memory", "disk"],
"modules-right": ["tray", "custom/randwall", "network", "pulseaudio", "clock"],
"clock": {
"format": "⏰ {:%H:%M}",
"tooltip": "true",
"tooltip-format": "<big>{:%Y %B}</big>\n<tt><small>{calendar}</small></tt>",
"format-alt": "🗓️ {:%y/%m/%d}"
},
"wlr/workspaces": {
"active-only": false,
"all-outputs": true,
"disable-scroll": false,
"on-scroll-up": "hyprctl dispatch workspace -1",
"on-scroll-down": "hyprctl dispatch workspace +1",
"format": "{icon}",
"on-click": "activate",
"format-icons": {
"urgent": "",
"active": "🔴",
"default": "🔵",
"sort-by-number": true
},
},
"custom/playerctl": {
"format": "{icon}",
"return-type": "json",
"max-length": 64,
"exec": "playerctl -a metadata --format '{\"text\": \"{{artist}} - {{markup_escape(title)}}\", \"tooltip\": \"{{playerName}} : {{markup_escape(title)}}\", \"alt\": \"{{status}}\", \"class\": \"{{status}}\"}' -F",
"on-click-middle": "playerctl play-pause",
"on-click": "playerctl previous",
"on-click-right": "playerctl next",
"format-icons": {
"Playing": "<span foreground='#E5B9C6'> </span>",
"Paused": "<span foreground='#928374'> </span>"
},
},
"custom/playerlabel": {
"format": "<span>{}</span>",
"return-type": "json",
"max-length": 48,
"exec": "playerctl -a metadata --format '{\"text\": \"{{artist}} - {{markup_escape(title)}}\", \"tooltip\": \"{{playerName}} : {{markup_escape(title)}}\", \"alt\": \"{{status}}\", \"class\": \"{{status}}\"}' -F",
"on-click-middle": "playerctl play-pause",
"on-click": "playerctl previous",
"on-click-right": "playerctl next",
"format-icons": {
"Playing": "<span foreground='#E5B9C6'> </span>",
"Paused": "<span foreground='#928374'> </span>"
},
},
"memory": {
"format": "🌊 {}%",
"format-alt": "🌊 {used}/{total} GiB",
"interval": 5
},
"cpu": {
"format": "📟 {usage}%",
"format-alt": "📟 {avg_frequency} GHz",
"interval": 5
},
"disk": {
"format": "📦 {}%",
"format-alt": "📦 {used}/{total} GiB",
"interval": 5,
"path": "/"
},
"network": {
//"format-ethernet": " {ifname}: {ipaddr}",
"format-ethernet": " IP: {ipaddr}",
//"format-linked": " {ifname} (No IP)",
"format-disconnected": "",
//"format-alt": " {ifname}: {ipaddr}/{cidr}",
"tooltip-format": "{essid}",
"on-click-right": "nm-connection-editor"
},
"tray": {
"icon-size": 16,
"spacing": 5
},
"backlight": {
"format": "{icon} {percent}%",
"format-icons": ["", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""],
},
"pulseaudio": {
"format": "{icon} {volume}%",
"format-muted": "🔇",
"format-icons": {
"default": ["🔈", "🔉", "🔊"]
},
"scroll-step": 5,
},
"custom/launcher": {
"format": "🚀",
"on-click": "wofi --show drun",
"on-click-right": "wofi --show drun"
},
}
style.css 示例：
* {
border: none;
border-radius: 0px;
/*font-family: VictorMono, Iosevka Nerd Font, Noto Sans CJK;*/
font-family: Cascadia Code, FontAwesome, Noto Sans CJK, Microsoft YaHei UI, HarmonyOS Sans;
font-size: 14px;
font-style: normal;
min-height: 0;
}
window#waybar {
background: rgba(30, 30, 46, 0.5);
border-bottom: 1px solid #282828;
color: #f4d9e1
}
#workspaces {
background: #282828;
margin: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
padding: 0px 5px 0px 5px;
border-radius: 16px;
border: solid 0px #f4d9e1;
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
#workspaces button {
padding: 0px 5px;
border-radius: 16px;
color: #928374;
}
#workspaces button.active {
color: #f4d9e1;
background-color: transparent;
border-radius: 16px;
}
#workspaces button:hover {
background-color: #E6B9C6;
color: black;
border-radius: 16px;
}
#custom-date, #clock, #battery, #pulseaudio, #network, #custom-randwall, #custom-launcher {
background: transparent;
padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
margin: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
border-radius: 8px;
border: solid 0px #f4d9e1;
}
#custom-date {
color: #D3869B;
}
#custom-power {
color: #24283b;
background-color: #db4b4b;
border-radius: 5px;
margin-right: 10px;
margin-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
margin-left: 0px;
padding: 5px 10px;
}
#tray {
background: #282828;
margin: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
border-radius: 16px;
padding: 0px 5px;
/*border-right: solid 1px #282738;*/
}
#clock {
color: #E6B9C6;
background-color: #282828;
border-radius: 0px 0px 0px 24px;
padding-left: 13px;
padding-right: 15px;
margin-right: 0px;
margin-left: 10px;
margin-top: 0px;
margin-bottom: 0px;
font-weight: bold;
/*border-left: solid 1px #282738;*/
}
#battery {
color: #9ece6a;
}
#battery.charging {
color: #9ece6a;
}
#battery.warning:not(.charging) {
background-color: #f7768e;
color: #24283b;
border-radius: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
}
#backlight {
background-color: #24283b;
color: #db4b4b;
border-radius: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
margin: 5px;
margin-left: 0px;
margin-right: 0px;
padding: 0px 0px;
}
#network {
color: #f4d9e1;
border-radius: 8px;
margin-right: 5px;
}
#pulseaudio {
color: #f4d9e1;
border-radius: 8px;
margin-left: 0px;
}
#pulseaudio.muted {
background: transparent;
color: #928374;
border-radius: 8px;
margin-left: 0px;
}
#custom-randwall {
color: #f4d9e1;
border-radius: 8px;
margin-right: 0px;
}
#custom-launcher {
color: #e5809e;
background-color: #282828;
border-radius: 0px 24px 0px 0px;
margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
padding: 0 20px 0 13px;
/*border-right: solid 1px #282738;*/
font-size: 20px;
}
#custom-launcher button:hover {
background-color: #FB4934;
color: transparent;
border-radius: 8px;
margin-right: -5px;
margin-left: 10px;
}
#custom-playerctl {
background: #282828;
padding-left: 15px;
padding-right: 14px;
border-radius: 16px;
/*border-left: solid 1px #282738;*/
/*border-right: solid 1px #282738;*/
margin-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
margin-left: 0px;
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
font-size: 16px;
}
#custom-playerlabel {
background: transparent;
padding-left: 10px;
padding-right: 15px;
border-radius: 16px;
/*border-left: solid 1px #282738;*/
/*border-right: solid 1px #282738;*/
margin-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
#window {
background: #282828;
padding-left: 15px;
padding-right: 15px;
border-radius: 16px;
/*border-left: solid 1px #282738;*/
/*border-right: solid 1px #282738;*/
margin-top: 5px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
#custom-wf-recorder {
padding: 0 20px;
color: #e5809e;
background-color: #1E1E2E;
}
#cpu {
background-color: #282828;
/*color: #FABD2D;*/
border-radius: 16px;
margin: 5px;
margin-left: 5px;
margin-right: 5px;
padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#memory {
background-color: #282828;
/*color: #83A598;*/
border-radius: 16px;
margin: 5px;
margin-left: 5px;
margin-right: 5px;
padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#disk {
background-color: #282828;
/*color: #8EC07C;*/
border-radius: 16px;
margin: 5px;
margin-left: 5px;
margin-right: 5px;
padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#custom-hyprpicker {
background-color: #282828;
/*color: #8EC07C;*/
border-radius: 16px;
margin: 5px;
margin-left: 5px;
margin-right: 5px;
padding: 0px 11px 0px 9px;
font-weight: bold;
}
swaylock 的配置文件在 ~/.config/swaylock/config 中，以下是示例配置文件：
ignore-empty-password
font=Fira Sans Compressed
clock
timestr=%R
datestr=%a, %e of %B
screenshots
fade-in=0.2
effect-blur=20x2
#effect-greyscale
effect-scale=0.3
indicator
indicator-radius=360
indicator-thickness=60
indicator-caps-lock
key-hl-color=228833
separator-color=00000000
inside-color=00000099
inside-clear-color=ffd20400
inside-caps-lock-color=009ddc00
inside-ver-color=d9d8d800
inside-wrong-color=ee2e2400
ring-color=231f20D9
ring-clear-color=231f20D9
ring-caps-lock-color=231f20D9
ring-ver-color=231f20D9
ring-wrong-color=231f20D9
line-color=00000000
line-clear-color=ffd2000
line-caps-lock-color=009ddc00
line-ver-color=d9d8d800
line-wrong-color=ee2e2400
text-clear-color=ffd20400
text-ver-color=d9d8d800
text-wrong-color=ee2e2400
bs-hl-color=ee2e24FF
#caps-lock-key-hl-color=ffd204FF
#caps-lcok-key-hl-color=ee2e24FF
#caps-lock-bs-hl-color=ee2e24FF
#disable-caps-lock-text
text-caps-lock-color=000000FF如果启动失败，或者黑屏，请检查有没有把自己用户加入到 video 组，有没有安装显卡驱动，有没有正确设置环境变量 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR，生效否。
