第 21.6 节 Linux 兼容层——基于 OpenSUSE

OpenSUSE 15.5-shell 脚本

该脚本虽然使用的镜像是基于 dnf 包管理器构建的，但是 opi 会自动安装 zypper 从而实现双包管理器共存，但是需要用户自行导入 zypper 源。

脚本内容如下：

#/bin/sh

rootdir=/compat/suse
url="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/openSUSE-current/appliances/opensuse-leap-dnf-image.x86_64-lxc-dnf.tar.xz"

echo "begin to install latest Opensuse Leap ..."
echo "check modules ..."

# check linux module
if [ "$(sysrc -n linux_enable)" = "NO" ]; then
        echo "linux module should be loaded. Continue?(Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
                [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                        echo "linux module not loaded"
                        exit 1
                        ;;
                [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                        sysrc linux_enable=YES
                        ;;
        esac
fi
echo "start linux"
service linux start

# check dbus
if ! /usr/bin/which -s dbus-daemon;then
        echo "dbus-daemon not found. install it [Y|n]"
        read  answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                echo "dbus not installed"
                exit 2
                ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                pkg install -y dbus
                ;;
        esac
    fi

if [ "$(sysrc -n dbus_enable)" != "YES" ]; then
        echo "dbus should be enable. Continue?(Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                        echo "dbus not running"
                        exit 2
                        ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                        sysrc dbus_enable=YES
                        ;;
        esac
fi
echo "start dbus"
service dbus start

echo "now we will bootstrap opensuse"

fetch ${url}
mkdir -p ${rootdir}
tar zxvf opensuse-leap-dnf-image*.tar.xz -C ${rootdir} --numeric-owner
rm opensuse-leap-dnf-image.x86_64-lxc-dnf.tar.xz

if [ ! "$(sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf -qn nullfs_load)" = "YES" ]; then
        echo "nullfs_load should load. continue? (Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                echo "nullfs not load"
		exit 3
                ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf nullfs_load=yes
                ;;
        esac
fi

if ! kldstat -n nullfs >/dev/null 2>&1;then
        echo "load nullfs module"
        kldload -v nullfs
fi

echo "mount some fs for linux"
echo "devfs ${rootdir}/dev devfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "tmpfs ${rootdir}/dev/shm tmpfs rw,late,size=1g,mode=1777 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "fdescfs ${rootdir}/dev/fd fdescfs rw,late,linrdlnk 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "linprocfs ${rootdir}/proc linprocfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "linsysfs ${rootdir}/sys linsysfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "/tmp ${rootdir}/tmp nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
#echo "/home ${rootdir}/home nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
mount -al

echo "for opensuse,we should change 'compat.linux.osrelease'. continue? (Y|n)"
read answer
case $answer in
	[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
		echo "close to success"
		exit 4
		;;
	[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
		echo "compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
		sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10
                ;;
esac
echo "complete!"
echo "to use: chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash"
echo ""
echo " I will set resolv.conf to ali dns"
echo "continue?[Y|n]"
read answer
case $answer in
	[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
		echo "set your opensuse by yourself.bye!"
		exit 0
		;;
	[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
		echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" >> ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf

    echo " I will install opi nano tar and vim"   
    chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "dnf update && dnf install -y  opi nano tar vim"
    

    echo "all done."
    echo "Now you can run '#chroot /compat/suse/ /bin/bash' Into Opensuse"
		
                ;;
esac

OpenSUSE Tumbleweed-shell 脚本

本节有点问题，暂不可用。

Tumbleweed 即风滚草，是 OpenSUSE 的滚动更新版本。

# fetch http://book.bsdcn.org/suset.sh
# sh suset.sh

脚本内容如下：

#/bin/sh

rootdir=/compat/suse
url="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/tumbleweed/appliances/opensuse-tumbleweed-dnf-image.x86_64-lxc-dnf.tar.xz"

echo "begin to install OpenSUSE Tumbleweed..."
echo "check modules ..."

# check linux module
if [ "$(sysrc -n linux_enable)" = "NO" ]; then
        echo "linux module should be loaded. Continue?(Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
                [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                        echo "linux module not loaded"
                        exit 1
                        ;;
                [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                        sysrc linux_enable=YES
                        ;;
        esac
fi
echo "start linux"
service linux start

# check dbus
if ! /usr/bin/which -s dbus-daemon;then
        echo "dbus-daemon not found. install it [Y|n]"
        read  answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                echo "dbus not installed"
                exit 2
                ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                pkg install -y dbus
                ;;
        esac
    fi

if [ "$(sysrc -n dbus_enable)" != "YES" ]; then
        echo "dbus should be enable. Continue?(Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                        echo "dbus not running"
                        exit 2
                        ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                        sysrc dbus_enable=YES
                        ;;
        esac
fi
echo "start dbus"
service dbus start

echo "now we will bootstrap opensuse"

fetch ${url}
mkdir -p ${rootdir}
tar zxvf opensuse*.tar.xz -C ${rootdir} --numeric-owner
rm opensuse-tumbleweed-dnf-image.x86_64-lxc-dnf.tar.xz

if [ ! "$(sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf -qn nullfs_load)" = "YES" ]; then
        echo "nullfs_load should load. continue? (Y|n)"
        read answer
        case $answer in
            [Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
                echo "nullfs not load"
		exit 3
                ;;
            [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
                sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf nullfs_load=yes
                ;;
        esac
fi

if ! kldstat -n nullfs >/dev/null 2>&1;then
        echo "load nullfs module"
        kldload -v nullfs
fi

echo "mount some fs for linux"
echo "devfs ${rootdir}/dev devfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "tmpfs ${rootdir}/dev/shm tmpfs rw,late,size=1g,mode=1777 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "fdescfs ${rootdir}/dev/fd fdescfs rw,late,linrdlnk 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "linprocfs ${rootdir}/proc linprocfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "linsysfs ${rootdir}/sys linsysfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "/tmp ${rootdir}/tmp nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
#echo "/home ${rootdir}/home nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
mount -al

echo "for opensuse,we should change 'compat.linux.osrelease'. continue? (Y|n)"
read answer
case $answer in
	[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
		echo "close to success"
		exit 4
		;;
	[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
		echo "compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
		sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10
                ;;
esac
echo "complete!"
echo "to use: chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash"
echo ""
echo " I will set resolv.conf to ali dns"
echo "continue?[Y|n]"
read answer
case $answer in
	[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
		echo "set your opensuse by yourself.bye!"
		exit 0
		;;
	[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
		echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" >> ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf

    echo " I will install opi nano tar and vim"   
    chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "dnf update && dnf install -y  opi nano tar vim"
    

    echo "all done."
    echo "Now you can run '#chroot /compat/suse/ /bin/bash' Into Opensuse"
		
                ;;
esac

故障排除

• 当使用 LXC Leap 镜像时，zypper 是不可用的。同样地，当使用 openSUSE Tumbleweed 时，dnf 和 zypper 都不可用。该问题不影响我们的 leap 脚本，但是影响第二个风滚草的脚步，导致无法正常使用。已经报告 Bug。

  例如，当试图安装 Vim 时，你会遇到一个错误信息。

Installation of perl-5.36.1-1.2.x86_ 64 failed:
Error's Subprocessg faited.c Error: RPM failed: Command exited with status 1

在 LXC Leap 中，用 rpm 替换 rpm-ndb 可以解决这个问题，dnf 也不会遇到这个问题。这个问题是 zypper 特有的。然而，在 openSUSE Tumbleweed LXC 中，dnf 和 zypper 都有这个问题，替换 rpm-ndb 也不能解决。