18.4 在树莓派上使用 Linux 二进制兼容层
Arch Linux 兼容层
脚本内容如下：
#!/bin/sh
rootdir=/compat/arch # 设置 Arch Linux 安装根目录
url="https://mirrors.jlu.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz" # Arch Linux ARM 镜像下载地址
echo "begin to install Arch Linux ..." # 输出安装开始提示
echo "check modules ..." # 输出模块检查提示
# check linux module
if [ "$(sysrc -n linux_enable)" = "NO" ]; then # 检查 linux 模块是否启用
echo "linux module should be loaded. Continue?(Y|n)" # 提示用户是否继续
read answer # 读取用户输入
case $answer in
[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
echo "linux module not loaded" # 输出错误信息
exit 1 # 退出脚本
;;
[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
sysrc linux_enable=YES # 启用 linux 模块
;;
esac
fi
echo "start linux" # 输出启动提示
service linux start # 启动 linux 模块
# check dbus
if ! /usr/bin/which -s dbus-daemon; then # 检查 dbus-daemon 是否存在
echo "dbus-daemon not found. install it [Y|n]" # 提示用户安装 dbus
read answer
case $answer in
[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
echo "dbus not installed" # 输出错误信息
exit 2 # 退出脚本
;;
[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
pkg install -y dbus # 安装 dbus
;;
esac
fi
if [ "$(sysrc -n dbus_enable)" != "YES" ]; then # 检查 dbus 是否启用
echo "dbus should be enabled. Continue?(Y|n)" # 提示用户是否启用
read answer
case $answer in
[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
echo "dbus not running" # 输出错误信息
exit 2 # 退出脚本
;;
[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
service dbus enable # 启用 dbus
;;
esac
fi
echo "start dbus" # 输出启动提示
service dbus start # 启动 dbus 服务
echo "now we will bootstrap Arch Linux" # 输出开始引导 Arch Linux 提示
fetch ${url} # 下载 Arch Linux ARM 镜像
mkdir -p ${rootdir} # 创建安装根目录
tar xpvf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C ${rootdir} --numeric-owner # 解压镜像到根目录
rm ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz # 删除压缩包
if [ ! "$(sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf -qn nullfs_load)" = "YES" ]; then # 检查 nullfs 是否启用
echo "nullfs_load should load. continue? (Y|n)" # 提示用户
read answer
case $answer in
[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
echo "nullfs not load" # 输出错误信息
exit 3 # 退出脚本
;;
[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf nullfs_load=yes # 启用 nullfs
;;
esac
fi
if ! kldstat -n nullfs >/dev/null 2>&1; then # 检查 nullfs 模块是否已加载
echo "load nullfs module" # 提示加载 nullfs
kldload -v nullfs # 动态加载 nullfs 模块
fi
echo "mount some fs for linux" # 输出挂载文件系统提示
echo "devfs ${rootdir}/dev devfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 devfs
echo "tmpfs ${rootdir}/dev/shm tmpfs rw,late,size=1g,mode=1777 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 tmpfs
echo "fdescfs ${rootdir}/dev/fd fdescfs rw,late,linrdlnk 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 fdescfs
echo "linprocfs ${rootdir}/proc linprocfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 linprocfs
echo "linsysfs ${rootdir}/sys linsysfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 linsysfs
echo "/tmp ${rootdir}/tmp nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 /tmp
#echo "/home ${rootdir}/home nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 可选配置 /home
mount -al # 挂载所有文件系统
echo "For Arch Linux, we should change 'compat.linux.osrelease'. continue? (Y|n)" # 提示修改内核兼容版本
read answer
case $answer in
[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
echo "close to success" # 用户选择不修改
exit 4
;;
[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
echo "compat.linux.osrelease=6.12.63" >> /etc/sysctl.conf # 写入 sysctl 配置
sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=6.12.63 # 应用 sysctl 配置
;;
esac
echo "complete!" # 输出完成提示
echo "to use: chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash" # 提示如何进入 Arch Linux
echo ""
echo "but for easy use ,i can do some init config" # 提示是否进行初始化配置
echo "if agree:"
echo " i set resolv.conf to ali dns"
echo " init pacman keyring"
echo " use tsinghua mirror"
echo "continue?[Y|n]"
read answer
case $answer in
[Nn][Oo]|[Nn])
echo "set your Arch Linux by yourself.bye!" # 用户选择不进行初始化
exit 0
;;
[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"")
rm ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf # 删除原 resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" >> ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf # 设置 DNS
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman-key --init" # 初始化 pacman keyring
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm" # 填充 keyring
echo 'Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo' > ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist # 设置镜像
echo '[archlinuxcn]' >> ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf
echo 'Server = https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/archlinux-cn/aarch64' >> ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf
echo "Refresh sources and systems" # 输出刷新源和系统提示
echo "Now we will enable DisableSandbox for pacman or you will get error: restricting filesystem access failed because landlock is not supported by the kernel!" # 提示将启用 DisableSandbox 以避免 pacman 错误
sed -E -i '' 's/^[[:space:]]*#[[:space:]]*DisableSandbox/DisableSandbox/' ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf # 修改 pacman.conf，取消 DisableSandbox 的注释以启用该选项
grep -n 'DisableSandbox' ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -Syyu --noconfirm" # 更新系统
echo "Refresh key"
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm archlinuxcn-keyring" # 更新 keyring
echo "Install yay"
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm yay base base-devel nano yay wqy-zenhei" # 安装软件和 yay
echo "Create user"
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "useradd -G wheel -m test" # 创建用户 test 并加入 wheel 组
echo "Now modify the sudo configuration"
echo '%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL' >> ${rootdir}/etc/sudoers # 配置 wheel 组 sudo 权限
echo '%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL' >> ${rootdir}/etc/sudoers # 配置 sudo 组 sudo 权限
echo "change fakeroot"
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm fakeroot-tcp" # 安装 fakeroot-tcp
echo "Make localised settings"
echo 'zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8' >> ${rootdir}/etc/locale.gen # 设置中文 UTF-8
chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "locale-gen" # 生成本地化设置
echo "all done."
;;
esac
echo "Now you can run '#chroot /compat/arch/ /bin/bash' Into Arch Linux" # 提示用户进入 Arch Linux参考资料
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