19.4 MySQL 8.x 系列

安装 MySQL 8.x

MySQL 8.0 LTS

使用 pkg 安装：

# pkg install mysql80-server

或使用 ports 编译安装：

# cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql80-server/ 
# make install clean

MySQL 8.4 LTS

使用 pkg 安装：

# pkg install mysql84-server

或使用 ports 编译安装：

# cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql84-server/ 
# make install clean

查看安装后的说明（MySQL 8.0 类似）：

# pkg info -D mysql84-server
mysql84-server-8.4.3_1:
On install:
There is no initial password for first time use of MySQL. # 即无密码
首次使用 MySQL 时没有初始密码，即默认无密码
Keep in mind to reset it to a secure password.
请记得将其重置为安全密码

MySQL 8.4 has a default /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf,
remember to replace it with your own
or set `mysql_optfile="$YOUR_CNF_FILE"` in rc.conf.
MySQL 8.4 有一个默认的 /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf，
记得用你自己的文件替换它，
或者在 rc.conf 中设置 `mysql_optfile="$YOUR_CNF_FILE"`。

On upgrade:
As of MySQL 8.0.16, the MySQL server performs the upgrade tasks previously
handled by mysql_upgrade. Consequently, mysql_upgrade is unneeded and is
deprecated as of that version, and will be removed in a future MySQL version.
从 MySQL 8.0.16 开始，MySQL 服务器执行以前由 mysql_upgrade 处理的升级任务。
因此，mysql_upgrade 不再需要，并且从该版本开始被弃用，
将在未来的 MySQL 版本中移除。

Because mysql_upgrade no longer performs upgrade tasks,
it exits with status 0 unconditionally.
因为 mysql_upgrade 不再执行升级任务，
它无条件地以状态 0 退出。

启动服务

# service mysql-server enable   # 设置 MySQL 服务开机自启
# service mysql-server start    # 启动 MySQL 服务

登录

根据安装说明，MySQL 8.0 和 8.4 的默认密码为空，登录时直接按回车即可。

使用 root 用户登录 MySQL，提示输入密码：

# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

修改密码

将数据库的 root 用户密码设置为 z，然后刷新权限，最后退出 MySQL。

root@localhost [(none)]> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'z';  -- 修改 root 用户在 localhost 的密码为 'z'
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

root@localhost [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@localhost [(none)]> quit;  -- 退出 MySQL 命令行客户端
Bye

重新登录：

# mysql -uroot -p  # 使用 root 用户登录 MySQL，并按提示输入密码
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.27 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

root@localhost [(none)]> show databases;  -- 显示当前 MySQL 实例中的所有数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL 配置文件

MySQL 默认的配置文件模板位于 /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf.sample，实际的默认配置文件理论上位于 /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf（默认内容为空）

复制 MySQL 示例配置文件为正式配置文件：

# cp /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf.sample /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf

然后根据需要修改 /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf 即可。

在 /etc/rc.conf 文件中，写入

mysql_optfile="/abc/xyz.cnf"

这样即可指定 MySQL 使用的配置文件路径。