# 在 FreeBSD 上部署 Syncthing * [Syncthing on FreeBSD](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/2018/08/21/syncthing-on-freebsd/) * 作者：𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚗 * 2018/08 本文将向你说明怎样在 FreeBSD 系统上配置 Syncthing。 ![syncthing-logo.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-logo.png?w=960) > **警告** > > 请记住，Syncthing 配置文件实际上是 XML 文件。 就我个人的大部分备份需求，我一般使用 **rsync(1)**，但在像手机或平板这样的有限设备上 rsync 实在很麻烦。因此，对于从这些设备自动导入照片和其他文件，我更倾向于使用 Syncthing 工具。 如果你还没听说过，我引用 Syncthing 官网 的话：**“Syncthing 替代了专有的同步和云服务，提供开源、可靠和去中心化的方案。你的数据完全属于你自己，你有权选择数据存储位置、是否与第三方共享以及在互联网上的传输方式。”** ……以及 [维基百科](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncthing) 的描述：**“Syncthing 是一款免费、开源的点对点文件同步应用，适用于 Windows、Mac、Linux、Android、Solaris、Darwin 和 BSD。它可以在局域网设备间同步文件，或通过互联网在远程设备间同步。数据安全和数据保护是软件设计的一部分。”** 有人可能会问，它与 Nextcloud 有何不同。其实，Nextcloud 提供了几乎完整的云服务堆栈以及定制应用，而 Syncthing 仅是设备间的同步工具，仅此而已。 最初，我像设置 [**FreeBSD 上的 Nextcloud**](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/2018/04/04/nextcloud-13-on-freebsd/) 一样，打算在 FreeBSD Jail 中完成全部设置。问题是，我尝试了几个小时后发现 Syncthing 无法在 FreeBSD Jail 虚拟环境中正常工作。管理界面可以访问并正常工作，但 Android 手机上的 Syncthing 无法与 FreeBSD Jail 中的 Syncthing 实例连接和同步。当然，我可以从手机连接到 Syncthing 管理界面，但仍无法使用 Syncthing 协议进行任何备份。了解了这个不足后，你有三种选择： * 在 FreeBSD 主机上像其他服务一样设置 Syncthing。 * 使用 FreeBSD Bhyve 虚拟化运行 Syncthing 实例。 * 使用 VirtualBox 软件包/Port 运行 Syncthing 实例。 我选择了第一种方案。Bhyve 和 VirtualBox 实际上也是类似，但需要额外处理虚拟化层。我将以基于 Android 的手机作为 Syncthing 客户端示例，但你也可以在计算机之间同步数据。 还有一点，Syncthing 没有服务器端和客户端的区分。所有 Syncthing 实例/安装都是一样的，你只需添加或移除设备及目录来进行同步。我上文中使用“客户端”一词，只是为了说明我将自动化从手机向 FreeBSD 服务器上运行的 Syncthing 实例复制文件，仅此而已。 ## 主机 以下是在 FreeBSD 主机上我所做的一些基本步骤，包括别名数据库、时区、DNS 以及 FreeBSD 基本设置，这些都在其 **/etc/rc.conf** 关键文件中配置。 ```sh # newaliases -v /etc/mail/aliases: 29 aliases, longest 10 bytes, 297 bytes total # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Warsaw /etc/localtime # date Fri Aug 17 22:05:18 CEST 2018 # echo nameserver 1.1.1.1 > /etc/resolv.conf # ping -c 3 freebsd.org PING freebsd.org (96.47.72.84): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 96.47.72.84: icmp_seq=0 ttl=51 time=117.918 ms 64 bytes from 96.47.72.84: icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=115.169 ms 64 bytes from 96.47.72.84: icmp_seq=2 ttl=51 time=115.392 ms --- freebsd.org ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 115.169/116.160/117.918/1.247 ms ``` ……以及主要的 FreeBSD 配置文件。 ```sh # cat /etc/rc.conf # 网络 hostname=blackbox.local ifconfig_re0="inet 10.0.0.100/24 up" defaultrouter="10.0.0.1" # 守护进程 | 启用 zfs_enable=YES sshd_enable=YES ntpd_enable=YES syncthing_enable=YES syslogd_flags="-s -s" # 守护进程 | 禁用 sendmail_enable=NONE sendmail_submit_enable=NO sendmail_outbound_enable=NO sendmail_msp_queue_enable=NO # 其他 dumpdev=NO update_motd=NO virecover_enable=NO clear_tmp_enable=YES ``` ## 安装 首先，为了获取最新的软件包，我们将从 **pkg(8)** 分支 *quarterly* 分支切换到 *latest*。 ```sh # grep url: /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf url: "pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/quarterly", # sed -i '' s/quarterly/latest/g /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf # grep url: /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf url: "pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/latest", ``` 现在我们将引导安装 **pkg(8)**，然后将其数据库更新到最新可用版本。 ```sh # env ASSUME_ALWAYS_YES=yes pkg update -f Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD:11:amd64/latest, please wait... Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done [syncthing.local] Installing pkg-1.10.5_1... [syncthing.local] Extracting pkg-1.10.5_1: 100% Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... pkg: Repository FreeBSD load error: access repo file(/var/db/pkg/repo-FreeBSD.sqlite) failed: No such file or directory [syncthing.local] Fetching meta.txz: 100% 944 B 0.9kB/s 00:01 [syncthing.local] Fetching packagesite.txz: 100% 6 MiB 352.7kB/s 00:19 Processing entries: 100% FreeBSD repository update completed. 32388 packages processed. All repositories are up to date. ``` ……然后从 **pkg(8)** 软件包中安装 Syncthing。 ```sh # pkg install -y syncthing Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... FreeBSD repository is up to date. All repositories are up to date. The following 1 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked): New packages to be INSTALLED: syncthing: 0.14.48 Number of packages to be installed: 1 The process will require 88 MiB more space. 15 MiB to be downloaded. [1/1] Fetching syncthing-0.14.48.txz: 100% 15 MiB 525.3kB/s 00:29 Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting) [1/1] Installing syncthing-0.14.48... ===> Creating groups. Creating group 'syncthing' with gid '983'. ===> Creating users Creating user 'syncthing' with uid '983'. [1/1] Extracting syncthing-0.14.48: 100% Message from syncthing-0.14.48: WARNING: This version is not backwards compatible with 0.13.x, 0.12.x, 0.11.x nor 0.10.x releases! For more information, please read: https://forum.syncthing.net/t/syncthing-v0-14-0/7806 https://github.com/syncthing/syncthing/releases/tag/v0.13.0 https://forum.syncthing.net/t/syncthing-v0-11-0-release-notes/2426 https://forum.syncthing.net/t/syncthing-syncthing-v0-12-0-beryllium-bedbug/6026 ``` Syncthing 软件包为我们创建了用户和用户组 **syncthing**。 ```sh # id syncthing uid=983(syncthing) gid=983(syncthing) groups=983(syncthing) ``` 看看 Syncthing 的体积有多小，这些都是软件包 **net/syncthing** 安装的所有文件。 ```sh # pkg info -l syncthing syncthing-0.14.48: /usr/local/bin/stbench /usr/local/bin/stcli /usr/local/bin/stcompdirs /usr/local/bin/stdisco /usr/local/bin/stdiscosrv /usr/local/bin/stevents /usr/local/bin/stfileinfo /usr/local/bin/stfinddevice /usr/local/bin/stgenfiles /usr/local/bin/stindex /usr/local/bin/strelaypoolsrv /usr/local/bin/strelaysrv /usr/local/bin/stsigtool /usr/local/bin/sttestutil /usr/local/bin/stvanity /usr/local/bin/stwatchfile /usr/local/bin/syncthing /usr/local/etc/rc.d/syncthing /usr/local/etc/rc.d/syncthing-discosrv /usr/local/etc/rc.d/syncthing-relaypoolsrv /usr/local/etc/rc.d/syncthing-relaysrv /usr/local/share/doc/syncthing/AUTHORS /usr/local/share/doc/syncthing/LICENSE /usr/local/share/doc/syncthing/README.md ``` ## 配置 如上所示，我们已经在 **/etc/rc.conf** 文件中添加了 **syncthing\_enable=YES**。 ```sh # /usr/local/etc/rc.d/syncthing rcvar # syncthing # syncthing_enable="NO" # (default: "") # grep syncthing_enable /etc/rc.conf syncthing_enable=YES ``` 此外，你还可以从 Syncthing 的 **rc(8)** 启动脚本中查看其他启动选项。 ```sh # less -N /usr/local/etc/rc.d/syncthing (...) 9 # Add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf.local or /etc/rc.conf 10 # to enable this service: 11 # 12 # syncthing_enable (bool): Set to NO by default. 13 # Set it to YES to enable syncthing. 14 # syncthing_home (path): Directory where syncthing configuration 15 # data is stored. 16 # Default: /usr/local/etc/syncthing 17 # syncthing_log_file (path): Syncthing log file 18 # Default: /var/log/syncthing.log 19 # syncthing_user (user): Set user to run syncthing. 20 # Default is "syncthing". 21 # syncthing_group (group): Set group to run syncthing. 22 # Default is "syncthing". (...) ``` Syncthing 需要日志文件 **/var/log/syncthing.log**。让我们创建该文件，并为其设置正确的所有者和权限。 ```sh # ls /var/log/syncthing.log ls: /var/log/syncthing.log: No such file or directory # :> /var/log/syncthing.log # chown syncthing:syncthing /var/log/syncthing.log # ls -l /var/log/syncthing.log -rwxr-xr-x 1 syncthing syncthing 0 2018.08.19 01:06 /var/log/syncthing.log ``` 由于我们将使用该日志文件，还需要管理日志轮转，我们将使用 FreeBSD 内置的守护进程 **newsyslog(8)** 来实现。 ```sh # cat > /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/syncthing.conf << __EOF # logfilename [owner:group] mode count size when flags [/pid_file] /var/log/syncthing.log syncthing:syncthing 640 7 100 * JC __EOF # cat /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/syncthing.conf # logfilename [owner:group] mode count size when flags [/pid_file] /var/log/syncthing.log syncthing:syncthing 640 7 100 * JC # newsyslog -v | grep syncthing Processing /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/syncthing /var/log/syncthing.log : size (Kb): 0 [100] --> skipping ``` 让我们尝试初次启动 Syncthing。 ```sh # service syncthing start Starting syncthing. daemon: pidfile ``/var/run/syncthing.pid'': Permission denied /usr/local/etc/rc.d/syncthing: WARNING: failed to start syncthing ``` 看来 **rc(8)** 启动 Syncthing 并不会自动创建 PID 文件，那么我们现在手动创建它。 ```sh # :> /var/run/syncthing.pid # chown syncthing:syncthing /var/run/syncthing.pid # ls -l /var/run/syncthing.pid -rwxr-xr-x 1 syncthing syncthing 0 2018.08.19 01:08 /var/run/syncthing.pid ``` 现在让我们再次尝试启动 Syncthing。 ```sh # service syncthing start Starting syncthing. ``` 好多了。让我们看看它使用了哪些端口。 ```sh # sockstat -l -4 | grep syncthing syncthing syncthing 27499 9 tcp46 *:22000 *:* syncthing syncthing 27499 10 udp4 *:18876 *:* syncthing syncthing 27499 13 udp4 *:21027 *:* syncthing syncthing 27499 20 tcp4 127.0.0.1:8384 *:* ``` ……并查看它的日志文件。 ```sh # cat /var/log/syncthing.log [start] 01:08:40 INFO: Generating ECDSA key and certificate for syncthing... [MPN4S] 01:08:40 INFO: syncthing v0.14.48 "Dysprosium Dragonfly" (go1.10.3 freebsd-amd64) root@111amd64-default-job-12 2018-08-08 09:19:19 UTC [noupgrade] [MPN4S] 01:08:40 INFO: My ID: MPN4S65-UQWC5SP-3LR2XDB-T5JNYET-VQEQC3X-DSAUI27-BQQKZQE-BWQ3NAO [MPN4S] 01:08:41 INFO: Single thread SHA256 performance is 131 MB/s using minio/sha256-simd (89 MB/s using crypto/sha256). [MPN4S] 01:08:41 INFO: Default folder created and/or linked to new config [MPN4S] 01:08:41 INFO: Default config saved. Edit /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml to taste or use the GUI [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Hashing performance is 112.85 MB/s [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Updating database schema version from 0 to 2... [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Updated symlink type for 0 index entries and added 0 invalid files to global list [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Finished updating database schema version from 0 to 2 [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: No stored folder metadata for "default": recalculating [MPN4S] 01:08:42 WARNING: Creating directory for "Default Folder" (default): mkdir /Sync/: permission denied [MPN4S] 01:08:42 WARNING: Creating folder marker: folder path missing [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Ready to synchronize "Default Folder" (default) (readwrite) [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Overall send rate is unlimited, receive rate is unlimited [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Rate limits do not apply to LAN connections [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Using discovery server https://discovery-v4.syncthing.net/v2/?nolookup&id=LYXKCHX-VI3NYZR-ALCJBHF-WMZYSPK-QG6QJA3-MPFYMSO-U56GTUK-NA2MIAW [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Using discovery server https://discovery-v6.syncthing.net/v2/?nolookup&id=LYXKCHX-VI3NYZR-ALCJBHF-WMZYSPK-QG6QJA3-MPFYMSO-U56GTUK-NA2MIAW [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Using discovery server https://discovery.syncthing.net/v2/?noannounce&id=LYXKCHX-VI3NYZR-ALCJBHF-WMZYSPK-QG6QJA3-MPFYMSO-U56GTUK-NA2MIAW [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: TCP listener ([::]:22000) starting [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Relay listener (dynamic+https://relays.syncthing.net/endpoint) starting [MPN4S] 01:08:42 WARNING: Error on folder "Default Folder" (default): folder path missing [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Failed initial scan of readwrite folder "Default Folder" (default) [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Device MPN4S65-UQWC5SP-3LR2XDB-T5JNYET-VQEQC3X-DSAUI27-BQQKZQE-BWQ3NAO is "blackbox.local" at [dynamic] [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Loading HTTPS certificate: open /usr/local/etc/syncthing/https-cert.pem: no such file or directory [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Creating new HTTPS certificate [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: GUI and API listening on 127.0.0.1:8384 [MPN4S] 01:08:42 INFO: Access the GUI via the following URL: http://127.0.0.1:8384/ [MPN4S] 01:08:55 INFO: Joined relay relay://11.12.13.14:443 [MPN4S] 01:09:02 INFO: Detected 1 NAT service ``` 这里有几条关于默认 **/Sync** 目录的 **WARNING** 警告信息。让我们来修复它们。 ```sh # service syncthing stop Stopping syncthing. Waiting for PIDS: 27498. ``` 在第一次启动 Syncthing 时，**rc(8)** 启动脚本创建了目录及其配置文件 **/usr/local/etc/syncthing**。 ```sh # find /usr/local/etc/syncthing /usr/local/etc/syncthing /usr/local/etc/syncthing/https-cert.pem /usr/local/etc/syncthing/https-key.pem /usr/local/etc/syncthing/cert.pem /usr/local/etc/syncthing/key.pem /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml /usr/local/etc/syncthing/index-v0.14.0.db /usr/local/etc/syncthing/index-v0.14.0.db/MANIFEST-000000 /usr/local/etc/syncthing/index-v0.14.0.db/LOCK /usr/local/etc/syncthing/index-v0.14.0.db/000001.log /usr/local/etc/syncthing/index-v0.14.0.db/LOG /usr/local/etc/syncthing/index-v0.14.0.db/CURRENT ``` 现在让我们回过头来修复 **/Sync** 目录的 **WARNING** 警告。 ```sh # grep '/Sync' /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml # ls /Sync ls: /Sync: No such file or directory ``` 现在让我们为 Syncthing 实例创建专用目录，并在 **/usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml** 配置文件中进行设置。 ```sh # mkdir /syncthing # chown syncthing:syncthing /syncthing # chmod 750 /syncthing # vi /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml # grep '/syncthing' /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml ``` 我们还将禁用 *Relay* 和 *Global Announce Server*，但保持启用 *Local Announce Server*。 ```sh # grep -i relay /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml true 10 # vi /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml # grep -i relay /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml false 10 # grep globalAnnounce /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml default true # vi /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml # grep globalAnnounce /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml default false ``` 在重启 Syncthing 之前，让我们清空 **/var/log/syncthing.log** 文件，以清除不再需要的信息。 ```sh # service syncthing stop Stopping syncthing. # :> /var/log/syncthing.log # service syncthing start Starting syncthing. ``` 让我们看看现在日志中记录了哪些内容。 ```sh # cat /var/log/syncthing.log [MPN4S] 01:13:38 INFO: syncthing v0.14.48 "Dysprosium Dragonfly" (go1.10.3 freebsd-amd64) root@111amd64-default-job-12 2018-08-08 09:19:19 UTC [noupgrade] [MPN4S] 01:13:38 INFO: My ID: MPN4S65-UQWC5SP-3LR2XDB-T5JNYET-VQEQC3X-DSAUI27-BQQKZQE-BWQ3NAO [MPN4S] 01:13:39 INFO: Single thread SHA256 performance is 131 MB/s using minio/sha256-simd (89 MB/s using crypto/sha256). [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: Hashing performance is 112.97 MB/s [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: Ready to synchronize "Default Folder" (default) (readwrite) [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: Overall send rate is unlimited, receive rate is unlimited [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: Rate limits do not apply to LAN connections [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: Device MPN4S65-UQWC5SP-3LR2XDB-T5JNYET-VQEQC3X-DSAUI27-BQQKZQE-BWQ3NAO is "blackbox.local" at [dynamic] [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: TCP listener ([::]:22000) starting [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: Completed initial scan of readwrite folder "Default Folder" (default) [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: GUI and API listening on 127.0.0.1:8384 [MPN4S] 01:13:40 INFO: Access the GUI via the following URL: http://127.0.0.1:8384/ ``` 我们可以看到管理界面监听的是 HTTP 而非 HTTPS，因为 **tls** 选项被设置为 **false**。我们还需要将管理界面的地址从本地主机 (**127.0.0.1**) 切换到我们的 IP 地址 (**10.0.0.100**)。 ```sh # grep -B 1 -A 3 127.0.0.1 /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml
127.0.0.1:8384
2jU5aR4zTJLGdEuSLLmdRGgfCgJaUpUv default # vi /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml # grep -B 1 -A 3 10.0.0.100 /usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml
10.0.0.100:8384
2jU5aR4zTJLGdEuSLLmdRGgfCgJaUpUv default ``` 现在让我们验证所做的更改。 ```sh # service syncthing stop Stopping syncthing. # :> /var/log/syncthing.log # service syncthing start Starting syncthing. # cat /var/log/syncthing.log [MPN4S] 01:16:20 INFO: syncthing v0.14.48 "Dysprosium Dragonfly" (go1.10.3 freebsd-amd64) root@111amd64-default-job-12 2018-08-08 09:19:19 UTC [noupgrade] [MPN4S] 01:16:20 INFO: My ID: MPN4S65-UQWC5SP-3LR2XDB-T5JNYET-VQEQC3X-DSAUI27-BQQKZQE-BWQ3NAO [MPN4S] 01:16:21 INFO: Single thread SHA256 performance is 131 MB/s using minio/sha256-simd (89 MB/s using crypto/sha256). [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: Hashing performance is 113.07 MB/s [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: Ready to synchronize "Default Folder" (default) (readwrite) [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: Overall send rate is unlimited, receive rate is unlimited [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: Rate limits do not apply to LAN connections [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: TCP listener ([::]:22000) starting [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: Completed initial scan of readwrite folder "Default Folder" (default) [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: Device MPN4S65-UQWC5SP-3LR2XDB-T5JNYET-VQEQC3X-DSAUI27-BQQKZQE-BWQ3NAO is "blackbox.local" at [dynamic] [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: GUI and API listening on 10.0.0.100:8384 [MPN4S] 01:16:22 INFO: Access the GUI via the following URL: https://10.0.0.100:8384/ [MPN4S] 01:16:42 INFO: Detected 1 NAT service ``` 日志现在已经“干净”了，我们可以继续在浏览器中访问 [**https://10.0.0.100:8384**](https://10.0.0.100:8384/) 管理界面，进行 Syncthing 的剩余配置。浏览器当然会提示我们 HTTPS 证书不受信任。 ![syncthing-01.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-01.png?w=960) Syncthing 会询问我们是否同意共享统计数据。你可自行选择。 ![syncthing-02.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-02.png?w=960) Syncthing 仪表盘会显示一个大红色警告，提示远程管理允许在没有密码的情况下访问。我们稍后会修复它，点击警告中的 **Settings** 按钮。 ![syncthing-03](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-03.png?w=960) 保持第一个 **General** 标签页不修改。 ![syncthing-04.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-04.png?w=960) 在 **GUI** 标签页中，我们为 Syncthing 管理界面创建用户 **admin**，密码为 **SYNCTHINGPASSWORD**。这里可以使用更合理的密码 🙂。 ![syncthing-05.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-05.png?w=960) 我没有修改 **Connections** 标签页中的设置。点击 **Save** 继续。 ![syncthing-06.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-06.png?w=960) 除了设置用户及其密码，我没有更改或设置其他选项。 现在 Syncthing 已无错误。系统会提示你输入刚设置的用户和密码。接着我们将删除 **Default Folder**，因为不需要它。点击其 **Edit** 按钮。 ![syncthing-07.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-07.png?w=960) 然后点击底部的 **Remove** 按钮。 ![syncthing-08.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-08.png?w=960) ……并点击 **Yes** 确认。 ![syncthing-09.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-09.png?w=960) “空白”的 Syncthing 仪表盘。 ![syncthing-10.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-10.png?w=960) 接下来，我们将在 Android 手机上下载、安装并配置 Syncthing。根据你的喜好，可使用 **F-Droid** 仓库、**Google Play** 仓库，或直接从任意来源 APK 文件安装。安装后的 Syncthing 应用如下图，约 50 MB。 ![syncthing-11](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-11.png?w=960) 启动应用，你会看到 Syncthing 的 *Welcome* 欢迎界面。 ![syncthing-12](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-12.png?w=960) 根据 Android 版本，手机可能会要求你授权 Syncthing 各种权限，选择同意。 ![syncthing-13](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-13.png?w=960) 与之前一样，Syncthing 会询问你是否同意共享统计数据。我同样留给你选择。 ![syncthing-14](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-14.png?w=960) Syncthing 现在需要重启，点击 **RESTART NOW** 继续。 ![syncthing-15](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-15.png?w=960) 默认情况下，**Camera** 目录已预配置为 **/storage/emulated/0/DCIM**，用于存放手机拍摄的照片和截图。我将使用它。点击 Syncthing [汉堡菜单](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger_button) 按钮。 ![syncthing-19](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-19.png?w=960) 选择 **Web GUI** 选项。 ![syncthing-20](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-20.png?w=960) 你将看到 Android 手机上 Syncthing 的管理界面，向下滚动，在 **Remote Devices** 区域添加 FreeBSD 上的 **blackbox.local** Syncthing 实例。 ![syncthing-21](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-21.png?w=960) 在 **Remote Devices** 区域点击 **Add Remote Device** 按钮。 ![syncthing-22](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-22.png?w=960) 记住之前我们启用的 *Local Announce* 服务吗？此时它派上用场。FreeBSD 上的 Syncthing 实例 ID 会自动在网络中显示。 ![syncthing-23](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-23.png?w=960) 点击显示的 ID，并输入 **blackbox.local** 主机名。 除了输入（点击）ID 和主机名，我没有设置其他选项。点击 **Save**。 ![syncthing-24](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-24.png?w=960) **blackbox.local** 现在已添加到 **Remote Devices** 列表中。 ![syncthing-25](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-25.png?w=960) 以下是 **Camera** 目录属性。记得选择 **blackbox.local** 作为允许的主机（小黄滑块）。 ![syncthing-26](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-26.png?w=960) ……以及 **blackbox.local** 设备属性。 ![syncthing-27](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-27.png?w=960) 现在返回 FreeBSD 上的 Syncthing 管理界面，你会被提示将 Android 手机上的 Syncthing（在我这里是 **SM-A320FL**）添加到设备列表。点击绿色 **Add Device** 按钮。 ![syncthing-28.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-28.png?w=960) 无需添加其他选项，直接点击 **Save**。 ![syncthing-29.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-291.png?w=960) Android 手机 **SM-A320FL** 设备现在在 **Remote Devices** 区域可见。 ![syncthing-30.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-301.png?w=960) 系统会提示 **SM-A320FL** 设备想要共享 **Camera** 目录，点击绿色 **Add** 按钮。 ![syncthing-31.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-31.png?w=960) 输入 **SM-A320FL** 作为文件夹标签，**/syncthing/SM-A320FL** 作为 FreeBSD Syncthing 实例上的目录名。确保在底部 **Share With Devices** 区域选择了 **SM-A320FL**。 ![syncthing-32.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-32.png?w=960) 现在 **SM-A320FL** 设备及其 **SM-A320FL** 文件夹已配置完成。你将首先看到 **Out of Sync** 状态。同步将开始，其进度可在手机和 FreeBSD Syncthing 管理界面中观察。 ![syncthing-33.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-33.png?w=960) **SM-A320FL** 文件夹状态切换为 **Syncing**，显示同步进度。 ![syncthing-34.png](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-34.png?w=960) 在 Android 手机上也会看到类似状态。 ![syncthing-36](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-36.png?w=960) 一段时间后，**SM-A320FL** 文件夹状态显示 **Up to Date**，表示 **Camera** 目录中的所有文件已同步到 FreeBSD Syncthing 实例。 ![syncthing-35](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/syncthing-35.png?w=960) 在 FreeBSD Syncthing 实例上，来自 Android 手机的已创建/同步目录如下所示。 ```sh # find /syncthing -type d /syncthing /syncthing/SM-A320FL /syncthing/SM-A320FL/Camera /syncthing/SM-A320FL/Camera/.AutoPortrait /syncthing/SM-A320FL/Screenshots /syncthing/SM-A320FL/.thumbnails /syncthing/SM-A320FL/.stfolder ``` 现在，你的 Camera 文件已经同步完成，可作为备份使用。 FreeBSD 实例上的完整 Syncthing 配置文件可在此获取：[**/usr/local/etc/syncthing/config.xml**](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/config-xml.key)。下载后，将文件从 ***.xml.key** 重命名为*\*\*.xml\*\*（**WordPress** 限制所致）。 ## 更新 1 [FreeBSD 上的 Syncthing](https://vermaden.wordpress.com/2018/08/21/syncthing-on-freebsd/) 文章曾在 [BSD Now 262 – OpenBSD Surfacing](https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/127006/openbsd-surfacing-bsd-now-262/) 节目中提及。 感谢分享！