> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/release/freebsd-11.0-release/11.0-installation.md).

# FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE 安装说明

原文链接：[FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE Installation Instructions](https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.0R/installation/)

## 摘要

本文简要介绍 FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE 的安装方法，以及从早期版本升级系统的步骤。

## 安装 FreeBSD

《FreeBSD 手册》中的“安装 FreeBSD”章节提供了关于安装程序本身的更深入信息，包括带截图的引导式操作说明。

## 升级 FreeBSD

如果从以前的 FreeBSD 版本升级，请仔细阅读《发行说明》中“升级”章节关于重要不兼容性的说明。

### 从源代码升级

基于源代码的升级流程详见“同步源代码”和“重新构建 world”。

对于 SVN，使用 `releng/11.0` 分支，即将到来的安全公告或勘误通知将应用于此分支。

### 使用“FreeBSD Update”升级

[freebsd-update(8)](http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update\&sektion=8\&manpath=freebsd-release-ports) 工具支持对运行早期 FreeBSD 版本的 i386 和 amd64 系统进行二进制升级。运行 `9.3-RELEASE`、`10.1-RELEASE`、`10.2-RELEASE`、`10.3-RELEASE`、`11.0-RC[123]` 的系统可按以下方式升级：

```sh
# freebsd-update fetch
# freebsd-update install
```

现在 [freebsd-update(8)](http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update\&sektion=8\&manpath=freebsd-release-ports) 工具可以获取 11.0-RELEASE 的相关文件。在此过程中，[freebsd-update(8)](http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update\&sektion=8\&manpath=freebsd-release-ports) 会请求协助合并配置文件。

```sh
# freebsd-update upgrade -r 11.0-RELEASE
```

```sh
# freebsd-update install
```

系统必须先以新安装的内核重新启动，然后才能更新非内核组件。

```sh
# shutdown -r now
```

重新启动后，需要再次运行 [freebsd-update(8)](http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update\&sektion=8\&manpath=freebsd-release-ports) 以安装新的用户空间组件：

```sh
# freebsd-update install
```

此时，由于系统库的更新，[freebsd-update(8)](http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update\&sektion=8\&manpath=freebsd-release-ports) 会提示从早期 FreeBSD 版本升级的系统重新构建所有第三方应用程序（例如从 Ports 树安装的 Ports）。

更新已安装的第三方应用程序之后（同样，仅当 [freebsd-update(8)](http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update\&sektion=8\&manpath=freebsd-release-ports) 输出消息提示此操作为必要时），再次运行 [freebsd-update(8)](http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update\&sektion=8\&manpath=freebsd-release-ports)，以便删除旧（不再使用）的系统库：

```sh
# freebsd-update install
```

最后，重新启动至 11.0-RELEASE：

```sh
# shutdown -r now
```


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