> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/porters-handbook/di-14-zhang-yi-ge-shi-li-makefile/di-14-zhang-makefile-shi-li.md).

# 第 14 章 一个示例 Makefile

这里是一个可以用来创建新 Port 的 **Makefile** 示例。

所示格式是在变量排序、节间空行等方面的推荐格式。这种格式旨在让最重要的信息易于查找。关于 lint、格式化和检查 **Makefile** 的工具的更多信息，请参阅测试章节。

```sh
[描述 Port 本身和主站的部分 - PORTNAME 和 PORTVERSION 或 DISTVERSION* 变量总是放在第一位，接着是 CATEGORIES，然后是 MASTER_SITES，后面可以跟 MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR。如果需要，PKGNAMEPREFIX 和 PKGNAMESUFFIX 会排在后面。然后是 DISTNAME，EXTRACT_SUFX 和/或 DISTFILES，然后根据需要是 EXTRACT_ONLY。]
PORTNAME=	xdvi
DISTVERSION=	18.2
CATEGORIES=	print
[如果没有使用 MASTER_SITE_* 宏，不要忘记尾部的斜杠（/）！]
MASTER_SITES=	${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB}
MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR=	applications
PKGNAMEPREFIX=	ja-
DISTNAME=	xdvi-pl18
[如果源代码不是标准的 ".tar.gz" 格式，设置此项]
EXTRACT_SUFX=	.tar.Z

[分发的补丁部分 -- 可以为空]
PATCH_SITES=	ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/X11/japanese/
PATCHFILES=	xdvi-18.patch1.gz xdvi-18.patch2.gz
[如果分发的补丁不是相对于 WRKSRC 制作的，可能需要调整此项]
PATCH_DIST_STRIP=	-p1

[维护者；*必需的*！这是自愿处理 Port 更新和构建中断，并接收用户问题与错误报告的人。为了尽可能保持 Ports Collection 的高质量，我们不接受将新 Port 分配给 "ports@FreeBSD.org"。]
MAINTAINER=	asami@FreeBSD.org
COMMENT=	DVI Previewer for the X Window System
WWW=		http://xdvi.sourceforge.net/

[许可证 -- 不应为空]
LICENSE=	BSD2CLAUSE
LICENSE_FILE=	${WRKSRC}/LICENSE

[依赖关系 -- 可以为空]
RUN_DEPENDS=	gs:print/ghostscript

[如果 Port 需要 GNU make 而不是默认的 FreeBSD make（make(1)）来构建。例如，某些 X 应用程序需要运行 xmkmf -a，在这种情况下 Port 需要 USES=imake。]
USES=		gmake

[此部分用于其他不属于上述任何类别的标准 bsd.port.mk 变量]
[如果在配置、构建、安装过程中会询问问题]
IS_INTERACTIVE=	yes
[如果解压到与 DISTNAME 不同的目录]
WRKSRC=		${WRKDIR}/xdvi-new
[如果需要运行由 GNU autoconf 生成的 "configure" 脚本]
GNU_CONFIGURE=	yes

[此部分用于处理 Port 选项]
OPTIONS_DEFINE=	DOCS EXAMPLES FOO
OPTIONS_DEFAULT=FOO
[如果选项会更改 plist 中的文件列表，设置 OPTIONS_SUB]
OPTIONS_SUB=	yes

FOO_DESC=		Enable foo support
FOO_CONFIGURE_ENABLE=	foo

[用于下面规则中的非标准变量]
MY_FAVORITE_RESPONSE=	"yeah, right"

[特殊规则，按 Ports 框架调用的顺序排列]
pre-fetch:
	i go fetch something, yeah

post-patch:
	i need to do something after patch, great

pre-install:
	and then some more stuff before installing, wow

[最后是尾声]

.include <bsd.port.mk>
```


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