> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/port/di-8-zhang-gao-ji-pkgplist-shi-jian/8.3.-pei-zhi-wen-jian.md).

# 8.3.配置文件

如果 Port 将配置文件安装到 **PREFIX/etc**（或其他目录），**不要**在 **pkg-plist** 中列出这些文件。这样做会导致 `pkg delete` 删除用户精心编辑过的文件，而重新安装时也会将其覆盖。

正确做法是安装带有 **filename.sample** 扩展名的示例文件。`@sample` 宏可以自动完成这一过程，详见 [用关键词扩展软件包列表](https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/porters-handbook/plist/#plist-keywords-sample)。对于每个示例文件，在 **pkg-plist** 中添加如下行：

```sh
@sample etc/orbit.conf.sample
```

如果确有充分理由不默认安装一个可用的配置文件，仅在 **pkg-plist** 中列出示例文件名，不添加 `@sample` 前缀，并添加 [消息提示](https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/porters-handbook/pkg-files/#porting-message)，告知用户必须手动复制并编辑该文件以使软件正常工作。

> **技巧**
>
> 如果 Port 的配置文件安装在 **${PREFIX}/etc** 的某个子目录中，应使用 `ETCDIR`。该变量默认值为 `${PREFIX}/etc/${PORTNAME}`，如果 Port 惯例上使用其他目录，可以在 Port 的 **Makefile** 中覆盖此默认值。在 **pkg-plist** 中用 `%%ETCDIR%%` 来代替路径。

> **注意**
>
> 示例配置文件应始终使用 **.sample** 后缀。如果出于历史原因无法使用标准后缀，或示例文件位于其他目录中，可以使用如下格式：
>
> ```sh
> @sample etc/orbit.conf-dist etc/orbit.conf
> ```
>
> 或
>
> ```sh
> @sample %%EXAMPLESDIR%%/orbit.conf etc/orbit.conf
> ```
>
> 格式为 `@sample _sample-file actual-config-file_`。


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