> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/man/man4/ural.4.md).

# ural.4

`ural` — Ralink RT2500USB IEEE 802.11a/b/g 无线网络驱动

## 名称

`ural`

## 概要

要将此驱动编译进内核，请将以下行加入你的内核配置文件：

> device ehci device uhci device ohci device usb device ural device wlan device wlan\_amrr

或者，要在引导时以模块方式加载该驱动，请将以下行加入 loader.conf(5)：

```sh
if_ural_load="YES"
```

## 描述

`ural` 驱动支持基于 RT2500USB 芯片组的 USB 2.0 无线适配器。

RT2500USB 芯片组由两块集成芯片组成：一块 RT2570 MAC/BBP 和一块无线电收发器（型号取决于网卡修订版本）。

RT2522、RT2523、RT2524、RT2525、RT2525e 和 RT2526 无线电收发器工作在 2.4GHz 频段（802.11b/g），而 RT5222 是双频无线电收发器，可工作在 2.4GHz 和 5.2GHz 频段（802.11a）。

`ural` 支持 `station`、`adhoc`、`hostap` 和 `monitor` 模式操作。任一时刻只能配置一个虚拟接口。有关配置此设备的更多信息，请参见 [ifconfig(8)](/man/man8/ifconfig.8.md)。

## 硬件

`ural` 驱动支持基于 Ralink Technology RT2500USB 芯片组的 USB 2.0 无线适配器，包括：

| *Card*                  | *Bus* |
| ----------------------- | ----- |
| AMIT WL532U             | USB   |
| ASUS WL-167g            | USB   |
| Belkin F5D7050 v2000    | USB   |
| Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-AI  | USB   |
| CNet CWD-854            | USB   |
| Compex WLU54G 2A1100    | USB   |
| Conceptronic C54RU      | USB   |
| D-Link DWL-G122 b1      | USB   |
| Dynalink WLG25USB       | USB   |
| E-Tech WGUS02           | USB   |
| Gigabyte GN-WBKG        | USB   |
| Hercules HWGUSB2-54     | USB   |
| KCORP LifeStyle KLS-685 | USB   |
| Linksys WUSB54G v4      | USB   |
| Linksys WUSB54GP v4     | USB   |
| MSI MS-6861             | USB   |
| MSI MS-6865             | USB   |
| MSI MS-6869             | USB   |
| NovaTech NV-902         | USB   |
| OvisLink Evo-W54USB     | USB   |
| SerComm UB801R          | USB   |
| SparkLAN WL-685R        | USB   |
| Surecom EP-9001-g       | USB   |
| Sweex LC100060          | USB   |
| Tonze UW-6200C          | USB   |
| Zinwell ZWX-G261        | USB   |
| Zonet ZEW2500P          | USB   |

最新列表可在 `http://ralink.rapla.net/` 找到。

## 实例

加入现有的 BSS 网络（即连接到接入点）：

```sh
ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0 inet 192.0.2.20/24
```

加入网络名为 `my_net` 的特定 BSS 网络：

```sh
ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0 ssid my_net up
```

加入使用 64 位 WEP 加密的特定 BSS 网络：

```sh
ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0 ssid my_net e
    wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1 up
```

加入使用 128 位 WEP 加密的特定 BSS 网络：

```sh
ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0 wlanmode adhoc ssid my_net e
    wepmode on wepkey 0x01020304050607080910111213 weptxkey 1
```

## 诊断

* ural%d: device timeout 驱动将重置硬件。这种情况不应发生。

## 参见

[intro(4)](/man/man4/intro.4.md), [netintro(4)](/man/man4/netintro.4.md), [usb(4)](/man/man4/usb.4.md), [wlan(4)](/man/man4/wlan.4.md), [wlan\_amrr(4)](/man/man4/wlan_amrr.4.md), [wlan\_ccmp(4)](/man/man4/wlan_ccmp.4.md), [wlan\_tkip(4)](/man/man4/wlan_tkip.4.md), [wlan\_wep(4)](/man/man4/wlan_wep.4.md), [wlan\_xauth(4)](/man/man4/wlan_xauth.4.md), [networking(7)](/man/man7/networking.7.md), hostapd(8), [ifconfig(8)](/man/man8/ifconfig.8.md), wpa\_supplicant(8)

## 历史

`ural` 驱动首次出现于 OpenBSD 3.7 和 FreeBSD 6.0。

## 作者

原始 `ural` 驱动由 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 编写。

## 缺陷

Host AP 模式不支持客户端省电。使用省电模式的客户端会出现丢包（在客户端禁用省电可解决此问题）。


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter:

```
GET https://book.bsdcn.org/man/man4/ural.4.md?ask=<question>&goal=<endgoal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal.

The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.