> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/handbook/di-3-zhang-freebsd-ji-chu/3.1.-gai-shu.md).

# 3.1.概述

本章介绍 FreeBSD 操作系统的基础命令和功能。本章的大部分内容也适用于其他类 UNIX® 操作系统。FreeBSD 新用户建议仔细阅读本章。

阅读本章，你将了解：

* 如何使用和配置虚拟控制台。
* 如何在 FreeBSD 上创建和管理用户和组。
* UNIX® 文件权限和 FreeBSD 文件标志的工作原理。
* FreeBSD 文件系统的默认布局。
* FreeBSD 磁盘结构。
* 如何挂载及卸载文件系统。
* 进程、守护进程和信号分别是什么。
* 什么是 Shell，如何修改默认登录环境。
* 如何使用基本的文本编辑器。
* 什么是设备和设备节点。
* 如何阅读手册页以获取更多信息。


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