> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/di-42-zhang-qian-ru-shi-ping-tai-ji-kai-fa-huan-jing/di-42.3-jie-shu-mei-pai-linux-jian-rong-ceng.md). # 42.3 树莓派 Linux 兼容层 Arch Linux ARM 移植版（ALARM）针对树莓派等 ARM 设备提供滚动更新的软件源。本节给出在 FreeBSD 树莓派系统上部署 Arch Linux 兼容层的自动化脚本。 ## Arch Linux 发行版概述 以下是完整的自动化部署脚本内容： ```sh #!/bin/sh rootdir=/compat/arch # 设置 Arch Linux 安装根目录 url="https://mirrors.jlu.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz" # Arch Linux ARM 镜像下载地址 echo "begin to install Arch Linux ..." echo "check modules ..." # 检查 linux 模块 if [ "$(sysrc -n linux_enable)" = "NO" ]; then # 检查 linux 模块是否启用 echo "linux module should be loaded. Continue?(Y|n)" read answer case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "linux module not loaded" exit 1 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") sysrc linux_enable=YES # 启用 linux 模块 ;; esac fi echo "start linux" service linux start # 启动 linux 兼容层 # 检查 dbus if ! /usr/bin/which -s dbus-daemon; then # 检查 dbus-daemon 是否存在 echo "dbus-daemon not found. install it [Y|n]" read answer case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "dbus not installed" exit 2 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") pkg install -y dbus # 安装 dbus ;; esac fi if [ "$(sysrc -n dbus_enable)" != "YES" ]; then # 检查 dbus 是否启用 echo "dbus should be enabled. Continue?(Y|n)" read answer case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "dbus not running" exit 2 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") service dbus enable # 启用 dbus ;; esac fi echo "start dbus" service dbus start # 启动 dbus 服务 echo "now we will bootstrap Arch Linux" fetch ${url} # 下载 Arch Linux ARM 镜像 mkdir -p ${rootdir} # 创建安装根目录 tar xpvf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C ${rootdir} --numeric-owner # 解压镜像到根目录 rm ArchLinuxARM-rpi-aarch64-latest.tar.gz # 删除压缩包 if [ ! "$(sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf -qn nullfs_load)" = "YES" ]; then # 检查 nullfs 是否启用 echo "nullfs_load should load. continue? (Y|n)" read answer case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "nullfs not load" exit 3 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf nullfs_load=yes # 启用 nullfs ;; esac fi if ! kldstat -n nullfs >/dev/null 2>&1; then # 检查 nullfs 模块是否已加载 echo "load nullfs module" kldload -v nullfs # 动态加载 nullfs 模块 fi echo "mount some fs for linux" echo "devfs ${rootdir}/dev devfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 devfs echo "tmpfs ${rootdir}/dev/shm tmpfs rw,late,size=1g,mode=1777 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 tmpfs echo "fdescfs ${rootdir}/dev/fd fdescfs rw,late,linrdlnk 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 fdescfs echo "linprocfs ${rootdir}/proc linprocfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 linprocfs echo "linsysfs ${rootdir}/sys linsysfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 linsysfs echo "/tmp ${rootdir}/tmp nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 配置 /tmp #echo "/home ${rootdir}/home nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # 可选配置 /home mount -al # 挂载所有文件系统 echo "For Arch Linux, we should change 'compat.linux.osrelease'. continue? (Y|n)" read answer case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "configuration not completed" exit 4 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") echo "compat.linux.osrelease=6.12.63" >> /etc/sysctl.conf # 写入 sysctl 配置 sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=6.12.63 # 应用 sysctl 配置 ;; esac echo "complete!" echo "to use: chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash" echo "" echo "the script can also perform some initial configuration" echo "if agree:" echo " set resolv.conf to Ali DNS" echo " init pacman keyring" echo " use USTC mirror" echo "continue?[Y|n]" read answer case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "set your Arch Linux by yourself." exit 0 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") rm ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf # 删除原 resolv.conf echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" >> ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf # 设置 DNS chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman-key --init" # 初始化 pacman keyring chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm" # 填充 keyring echo 'Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo' > ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist # 设置为中科大镜像 echo '[archlinuxcn]' >> ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf echo 'Server = https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/archlinux-cn/aarch64' >> ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf echo "Refresh sources and systems" echo "Enabling DisableSandbox in pacman.conf to avoid landlock error on this kernel" sed -E -i '' 's/^[[:space:]]*#[[:space:]]*DisableSandbox/DisableSandbox/' ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf # 取消 DisableSandbox 注释以启用该选项 grep -n 'DisableSandbox' ${rootdir}/etc/pacman.conf chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -Syyu --noconfirm" # 更新系统 echo "Refresh key" chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm archlinuxcn-keyring" # 安装 archlinuxcn-keyring echo "Install yay" chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm yay base base-devel nano wqy-zenhei" # 安装基础软件和 yay echo "Create user" chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "useradd -G wheel -m test" # 创建用户 test 并加入 wheel 组 echo "Now modify the sudo configuration" echo '%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL' >> ${rootdir}/etc/sudoers # 配置 wheel 组 sudo 权限 echo '%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL' >> ${rootdir}/etc/sudoers # 配置 sudo 组 sudo 权限 echo "change fakeroot" chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "pacman -S --noconfirm fakeroot-tcp" # 安装 fakeroot-tcp echo "Make localised settings" echo 'zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8' >> ${rootdir}/etc/locale.gen # 启用中文 UTF-8 区域 chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "locale-gen" # 生成本地化设置 echo "all done." ;; esac echo "Now you can run '#chroot /compat/arch/ /bin/bash' into Arch Linux" ``` 目录结构如下： ```sh /compat/arch/ ├── dev/ │ ├── shm/ │ └── fd/ ├── proc/ ├── sys/ ├── tmp/ ├── home/ └── etc/ ├── resolv.conf ├── pacman.conf ├── pacman.d/ │ └── mirrorlist ├── locale.gen └── sudoers ``` ## 参考文献 * Tonooo. Raspberry Pi 4 に Arch Linux をインストール\[EB/OL]. \[2026-03-25]. . 在树莓派 4 上安装 Arch Linux ARM 的详细教程。 * FreeBSD Project. FreeBSD Handbook: Linux Binary Compatibility\[EB/OL]. \[2026-03-25]. . FreeBSD 官方 Linux 兼容层文档。 --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. 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