> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/di-38-zhang-you-xi-ke-xue-ji-suan-he-zhuan-ye-gong-ju/di-38.2-jie-wo-de-shi-jie-minecraft-fu-wu-qi.md).

# 38.2 我的世界（Minecraft）服务器

Minecraft 是一款由 Java 语言开发的沙盒游戏，本节介绍在 FreeBSD 上 Minecraft 服务器端的部署。搭建服务器需先安装 Java 运行环境，服务器端与客户端对 Java 版本的要求通常保持一致。

## 相关文件结构

```sh
/
├── etc/
│   └── rc.conf # 系统配置文件，包含 minecraft 服务配置
├── usr/
│   └── local/
│       ├── bin/
│       │   └── minecraft-server # Minecraft 服务器可执行文件
│       └── etc/
│           └── minecraft-server/ # Minecraft 服务器配置目录
│               ├── eula.txt # 用户协议文件
│               ├── java-args.txt # Java 参数配置
│               └── server.properties # 服务器配置文件
├── var/
│   ├── log/
│   │   └── minecraft-server/ # 日志和调试输出目录
│   └── db/
│       └── minecraft-server/ # 世界文件目录
```

## 安装 OpenJDK

需注意，过旧的 JDK 版本不受服务器端支持，本节测试使用 JDK 21 可正常运行。

使用 pkg 安装 OpenJDK 21：

```sh
# pkg install openjdk21
```

或者使用 Ports 编译安装 OpenJDK 21，可针对服务器硬件优化：

```sh
# cd /usr/ports/java/openjdk21/
# make install clean
```

## 使用 Ports 或官方服务器程序

搭建 Minecraft 服务器有两种方式：

经过测试，[Minecraft 官方服务器端](https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download/server)是纯 Java 程序，在 FreeBSD 15.0 上安装 OpenJDK 后即可直接运行。Ports 版本则提供了 FreeBSD 特定的集成配置，包括服务管理脚本和默认配置文件。

也可使用 Ports 中提供的 **games/minecraft-server**：

```sh
# cd /usr/ports/games/minecraft-server/
# make install clean
```

查看配置信息：

```sh
# pkg info -D minecraft-server
```

运行服务器：

```sh
$ /usr/local/bin/minecraft-server

…………省略一部分…………

[15:52:21] [ServerMain/WARN]: Failed to load eula.txt
[15:52:21] [ServerMain/INFO]: You need to agree to the EULA in order to run the server. Go to eula.txt for more info.
```

提示需同意许可协议，将 **/usr/local/etc/minecraft-server/eula.txt** 文件中的 `eula=false` 修改为 `eula=true`。

再次运行已安装的 Minecraft 服务器程序：

```sh
# /usr/local/bin/minecraft-server
Starting net.minecraft.server.Main
[15:54:47] [ServerMain/INFO]: Environment: Environment[sessionHost=https://sessionserver.mojang.com, servicesHost=https://api.minecraftservices.com, name=PROD]
[15:54:48] [ServerMain/INFO]: No existing world data, creating new world
[15:54:49] [ServerMain/INFO]: Loaded 1290 recipes
[15:54:49] [ServerMain/INFO]: Loaded 1399 advancements
[15:54:49] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting minecraft server version 1.21.1
[15:54:49] [Server thread/INFO]: Loading properties
[15:54:49] [Server thread/INFO]: Default game type: SURVIVAL
[15:54:49] [Server thread/INFO]: Generating keypair
[15:54:49] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting Minecraft server on *:25565
[15:54:50] [Server thread/INFO]: Using default channel type
[15:54:50] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing level "world"
[15:54:53] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing start region for dimension minecraft:overworld
[15:54:53] [Worker-Main-2/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 2%
[15:54:54] [Worker-Main-2/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 2%
[15:54:54] [Worker-Main-3/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 2%
[15:54:55] [Worker-Main-1/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 2%
[15:54:55] [Worker-Main-2/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 18%
[15:54:56] [Worker-Main-1/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 51%
[15:54:56] [Worker-Main-3/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 51%
[15:54:56] [Server thread/INFO]: Time elapsed: 3317 ms
[15:54:56] [Server thread/INFO]: Done (6.876s)! For help, type "help"
```

按 **Ctrl** + **C** 中断程序运行。

## 关闭正版验证

在当前默认配置下，服务器启用了正版验证机制（`online-mode=true`）。该机制通过与 Mojang 会话服务器和 Microsoft 身份验证服务通信来验证玩家身份，确保：

* 每个玩家拥有 Mojang/Microsoft 分配的唯一 UUID，与购买的账号绑定
* 玩家无法使用他人用户名登录
* 封禁和权限管理基于真实的账号身份

> **警告**
>
> 应仅在完全理解风险且已部署额外保护措施的情况下使用 `online-mode=false` 。

如需在局域网或测试环境中允许未购买游戏的玩家连接，可编辑 **/usr/local/etc/minecraft-server/server.properties** 文件，将 `online-mode=true` 修改为 `online-mode=false`。

随后再次运行已安装的 Minecraft 服务器程序：

```sh
# /usr/local/bin/minecraft-server
Starting net.minecraft.server.Main
[18:47:47] [ServerMain/INFO]: Environment: Environment[sessionHost=https://sessionserver.mojang.com, servicesHost=https://api.minecraftservices.com, name=PROD]
[18:47:51] [ServerMain/INFO]: Loaded 1337 recipes
[18:47:51] [ServerMain/INFO]: Loaded 1448 advancements
[18:47:51] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting minecraft server version 1.21.3
[18:47:51] [Server thread/INFO]: Loading properties
[18:47:51] [Server thread/INFO]: Default game type: SURVIVAL
[18:47:51] [Server thread/INFO]: Generating keypair
[18:47:51] [Server thread/INFO]: Starting Minecraft server on *:25565
[18:47:51] [Server thread/INFO]: Using default channel type
[18:47:52] [Server thread/WARN]: **** SERVER IS RUNNING IN OFFLINE/INSECURE MODE!
[18:47:52] [Server thread/WARN]: The server will make no attempt to authenticate usernames. Beware.
[18:47:52] [Server thread/WARN]: While this makes the game possible to play without internet access, it also opens up the ability for hackers to connect with any username they choose.
[18:47:52] [Server thread/WARN]: To change this, set "online-mode" to "true" in the server.properties file.
[18:47:52] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing level "world"
[18:47:52] [Server thread/INFO]: Preparing start region for dimension minecraft:overworld
[18:47:53] [Worker-Main-5/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 0%
[18:47:53] [Worker-Main-5/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 0%
[18:47:53] [Worker-Main-5/INFO]: Preparing spawn area: 0%
[18:47:53] [Server thread/INFO]: Time elapsed: 1233 ms
[18:47:53] [Server thread/INFO]: Done (1.709s)! For help, type "help"
[18:48:34] [Server thread/INFO]: ykla[/127.0.0.1:37462] logged in with entity id 39 at (-1.5, 63.0, 1.5)
[18:48:34] [Server thread/INFO]: ykla joined the game
```

![FreeBSD 运行 Minecraft](/files/6UfmOjY7OT9prJMTqxmP)

## 关闭正版验证的安全风险

完全禁用 Mojang/Microsoft 账号验证，将带来以下严重安全风险：

1. **管理员账号伪造**：任何人可输入管理员（OP）的用户名直接登录，获得服务器的全部管理权限、物品和领地。由于 UUID 基于用户名本地生成（`OfflinePlayer:用户名`），服务器无法区分真实管理员与冒充者。
2. **封禁完全失效**：被封禁的用户只需更换一个用户名即可重新加入，无需购买新账号，封禁机制形同虚设。
3. **白名单形同虚设**：离线模式下白名单仅检查用户名而非账号身份，无法阻止冒充。
4. **机器人攻击门槛极低**：攻击者无需购买任何 Minecraft 账号即可批量生成随机用户名进行自动化攻击。
5. **玩家数据丢失风险**：离线模式下 UUID 绑定用户名而非账号。玩家更换用户名后，其所有物品、建筑、权限等数据将永久丢失。
6. **违反 Minecraft EULA 的风险**：允许未购买游戏的玩家连接可能违反 Mojang 最终用户许可协议。
7. **皮肤和正版特性不可用**：离线模式下所有玩家外观显示为默认 Steve/Alex 皮肤。

如确实需要使用离线模式（例如局域网封闭环境、使用 BungeeCord/Velocity 代理转发），建议采取以下缓解措施：

* 安装身份验证插件（如 AuthMeReloaded）要求玩家注册密码，防止伪造用户名
* 配合防火墙限制，仅允许可信 IP 段连接
* 使用 CoreProtect 等插件记录所有方块操作，便于回溯与回滚
* 使用 LuckPerms 等权限插件精细控制权限，避免使用通配符 `*`
* 定期备份世界数据


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