> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/di-36-zhang-web-fu-wu-qi/di-36.5-jie-tomcat-ying-yong-fu-wu-qi.md).

# 36.5 Tomcat 应用服务器

本节介绍在 FreeBSD 操作系统上部署 Tomcat 应用服务器的方法。

## 安装 Tomcat

使用 pkg 包管理器安装：

```sh
# pkg install tomcat110
```

如果使用 Ports 方式安装：

```sh
# cd /usr/ports/www/tomcat110/
# make install clean
```

## 配置 Tomcat

Tomcat 11 的安装目录位于 **/usr/local/apache-tomcat-11.0**。

```sh
/usr/local/apache-tomcat-11.0/
├── bin/
├── conf/
│   ├── server.xml
│   └── web.xml
├── webapps/
├── logs/
└── work/
```

其主要目录结构：

| 目录         | 说明                                                                                                      |
| ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `bin/`     | 存放启动、停止等脚本文件                                                                                            |
| `conf/`    | 存放配置文件，包括 `server.xml`（主配置文件，由 `server.xml.sample` 复制而来）和 `web.xml`（Web 应用默认配置，由 `web.xml.sample` 复制而来） |
| `webapps/` | Web 应用部署目录                                                                                              |
| `logs/`    | 日志文件目录                                                                                                  |
| `work/`    | JSP 编译后的临时工作目录                                                                                          |

### Tomcat 服务

添加至启动项，设置 Tomcat 服务开机自启：

```sh
# service tomcat110 enable
tomcat110 enabled in /etc/rc.conf
```

启动 Tomcat 服务：

```sh
# service tomcat110 start
Starting tomcat110.
```

打开 `ip:8080`，如 `http://192.168.179.150:8080/`，可访问 Tomcat 的默认页面：

> **技巧**
>
> 上述示例中的 **192.168.179.150** 为占位符，需要替换为实际的值。

![Tomcat FreeBSD](/files/uouhusflJAP697Fhm51d)

### 基础配置说明

Tomcat 的主要配置文件为 **/usr/local/apache-tomcat-11.0/conf/server.xml**，该文件定义了服务端口、连接器、引擎和主机等核心组件。默认情况下，Tomcat 监听 8080 端口用于 HTTP 连接。AJP（Apache JServ Protocol）连接器默认未启用，如需使用可在 `server.xml` 中取消注释以启用 8009 端口。如需修改端口或配置 HTTPS 支持，可编辑该配置文件。

Web 应用应部署在 **/usr/local/apache-tomcat-11.0/webapps/** 目录下，Tomcat 会自动加载该目录下的 WAR 包或解压后的 Web 应用目录。

* Apache Software Foundation. Apache Tomcat 11 Configuration Reference\[EB/OL]. \[2026-04-17]. <https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-11.0-doc/config/index.html>，Tomcat 11 各组件配置参考。
* Apache Software Foundation. Apache Tomcat 11 Migration Guide\[EB/OL]. \[2026-04-17]. <https://tomcat.apache.org/migration-11.0.html>，详述 Tomcat 11 所实现的 Jakarta EE 规范版本及从旧版本迁移的注意事项。


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