> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/di-19-zhang-freebsd-xi-tong-geng-xin/di-19.3-jie-shi-yong-pkgbase-geng-xin-ji-ben-xi-tong.md). # 19.3 使用 PkgBase 更新基本系统 PkgBase 的设计目标是使 stable、current 与 release（包括 BETA、RC 等）分支均能使用统一的二进制工具进行更新。此前，stable 与 current 分支仅能通过编译源代码进行更新。 > **注意** > > 仅 FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE 及更高版本才能直接转换为 PkgBase。旧版仍需要通过 `freebsd-update` 更新（运行时 pkgbasify 会提示 `Unsupported FreeBSD version`，即 FreeBSD 版本不受支持）。 > **警告** > > **存在风险，系统可能会丢失所有数据！建议在操作前做好备份。** * 在 **/mnt/upgrade** 环境中锁定 pkg 软件包，防止升级或修改： ```sh # pkg -c /mnt/upgrade lock pkg # 在 /mnt/upgrade 环境中锁定 pkg 软件包 pkg-2.4.2_1: lock this package? [y/N]: y # 输入 y 按回车键确认锁定 pkg Locking pkg-2.4.2_1 ``` * 下载 PkgBase 转换脚本 ```sh # fetch -o /mnt/upgrade https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FreeBSDFoundation/pkgbasify/main/pkgbasify.lua # 下载 PkgBase 转换脚本 ``` * 使用 pkgbasify 转换 > **警告** > > 确认 `Do you accept this risk and wish to continue? (y/n)` 风险提示后便无二次确认步骤！ ```sh # chroot /mnt/upgrade /usr/libexec/flua pkgbasify.lua # 使用 pkgbasify 转换 Running this tool will irreversibly modify your system to use pkgbase. This tool and pkgbase are experimental and may result in a broken system. It is highly recommended to backup your system before proceeding. Do you accept this risk and wish to continue? (y/n) y # 风险提示，确认后继续 Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... ……此处省略…… The following 370 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked): New packages to be INSTALLED: FreeBSD-acct: 14.3p6 [FreeBSD-base] FreeBSD-acct-man: 14.3p6 [FreeBSD-base] FreeBSD-acpi: 14.3p6 [FreeBSD-base] FreeBSD-acpi-man: 14.3p6 [FreeBSD-base] ……此处省略…… Conversion finished. Please verify that the contents of the following critical files are as expected: /etc/master.passwd /etc/group /etc/ssh/sshd_config After verifying those files, restart the system. ``` * 检查启动环境 15.0-RELEASE 中的系统版本 ```sh # chroot /mnt/upgrade freebsd-version -kru 14.3-RELEASE-p6 14.3-RELEASE 14.3-RELEASE-p6 ``` ## 使用 PkgBase 将启动环境中的系统版本更新到 15.0-RELEASE 转换为 PkgBase 后，即可使用 pkg 包管理器升级系统。下面配置 PkgBase 源并执行升级。 软件源结构： ```sh /usr/local/etc/pkg/ └── repos/ # pkg 仓库配置目录 └── FreeBSD-base.conf # PkgBase 源配置文件 ``` * 创建 PkgBase 软件源目录 ```sh # mkdir -p /mnt/upgrade/usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/ # 创建 PkgBase 软件源目录 ``` * 编辑 **/mnt/upgrade/usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD-base.conf** 文件，添加 PkgBase 源 ```ini FreeBSD-base { url: "pkg+https://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/base_release_${VERSION_MINOR}", mirror_type: "srv", signature_type: "fingerprints", fingerprints: "/usr/share/keys/pkgbase-${VERSION_MAJOR}", enabled: yes } ``` > **警告** > > 请检查 `FreeBSD-base.conf` 的内容，尤其是 **不应该** 在其中手动硬编码任何具体的版本（如 `base_release_3`）。 > > 由于 FreeBSD 15.0 使用了新的签名密钥，从 14.x 升级到 15.0 时必须将 `fingerprints` 路径从 pkgbasify 默认生成的 **/usr/share/keys/pkg** 改为 **/usr/share/keys/pkgbase-${VERSION\_MAJOR}**，并确保已安装 pkgbase-15 密钥（可通过 `pkg add -f https://pkg.freebsd.org/FreeBSD:15:$(uname -p)/base_release_0/FreeBSD-pkg-bootstrap-15.0.pkg` 安装）。 > **技巧** > > 需要切换软件源的用户可将 `url` 这行改为 `url: "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/base_release_${VERSION_MINOR}",`。注重安全性的读者应维持默认设置。 * 刷新软件源 ```sh # pkg -c /mnt/upgrade update -r FreeBSD-base # 刷新软件源 ``` * 使用 PkgBase 将 14.3-RELEASE 更新到 15.0-RELEASE（即将 ABI 指定为 15） ```sh # env ABI=FreeBSD:15:amd64 pkg-static -c /mnt/upgrade upgrade -r FreeBSD-base # 在 /mnt/upgrade 环境中使用指定 ABI 升级 FreeBSD 基本系统包 pkg-static: Setting ABI requires setting OSVERSION, guessing the OSVERSION as: 1500000 pkg-static: Warning: Major OS version upgrade detected. Running "pkg bootstrap -f" recommended Updating FreeBSD-base repository catalogue... pkg-static: Repository FreeBSD-base has a wrong packagesite, need to re-create database Fetching meta.conf: 100% 179 B 0.2kB/s 00:01 Fetching data.pkg: 100% 80 KiB 81.6kB/s 00:01 Processing entries: 0% Newer FreeBSD version for package FreeBSD-zlib-dbg: To ignore this error set IGNORE_OSVERSION=yes - package: 1500068 - running userland: 1500000 Ignore the mismatch and continue? [y/N]: y # 输入 y 并回车继续 Processing entries: 100% FreeBSD-base repository update completed. 496 packages processed. FreeBSD-base is up to date. Checking for upgrades (230 candidates): 100% Processing candidates (230 candidates): 100% The following 290 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked): New packages to be INSTALLED: FreeBSD-atf: 15.0 [FreeBSD-base] FreeBSD-atf-dev: 15.0 [FreeBSD-base] FreeBSD-atf-lib: 15.0 [FreeBSD-base] ……此处省略一部分… FreeBSD-zoneinfo: 14.3p6 -> 15.0 [FreeBSD-base] Number of packages to be installed: 61 Number of packages to be upgraded: 229 The operation will free 100 MiB. 473 MiB to be downloaded. Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y # 输入 y 并回车继续 ``` > **技巧** > > 如果检查不到任何更新，请确认当前是否已成功转换为 PkgBase，并检查软件源配置是否正确。 * 检查启动环境 15.0-RELEASE 中的系统版本 ```sh # chroot /mnt/upgrade freebsd-version -kru 15.0-RELEASE 14.3-RELEASE 15.0-RELEASE ``` 其中 `r` 显示为 14.3-RELEASE 并无异常，表明当前运行的仍是 14.3-RELEASE。结合其他参数，可知重启后才会切换至 15.0-RELEASE。 * 解锁 pkg ```sh # chroot /mnt/upgrade pkg unlock pkg # 解锁 pkg pkg: Warning: Major OS version upgrade detected. Running "pkg bootstrap -f" recommended pkg-2.4.2_1: unlock this package? [y/N]: y Unlocking pkg-2.4.2_1 ``` * 将所有第三方软件包的 ABI 更新至 FreeBSD 15.0 ```sh # chroot /mnt/upgrade pkg upgrade # 将所有第三方软件包的 ABI 更新到 FreeBSD 15.0 ``` 更新过程中需要多次确认才能完成。 ## 附录：给 pkgbasify 脚本切换软件源（使用 USTC） 对于网络环境受限制的用户，可能需要为 pkgbasify 脚本配置国内镜像源以提高下载速度。下面介绍如何修改脚本中的源地址。 中国科学技术大学（USTC）提供了 FreeBSD 的镜像服务，可以修改 pkgbasify 脚本来使用这个镜像源。其他开源镜像站参见软件源章节。首先需要找到脚本中的相关函数。 找到 Lua 脚本中的 `create_base_repo_conf` 函数： ```lua local function base_repo_url() local major, minor, branch = freebsd_version() if math.tointeger(major) < 14 then fatal("Unsupported FreeBSD version: " .. raw) end if branch == "RELEASE" or branch:match("^BETA") or branch:match("^RC") then return "pkg+https://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/base_release_" .. minor elseif branch == "CURRENT" or branch == "STABLE" or branch == "PRERELEASE" or branch:match("^ALPHA") then return "pkg+https://pkg.FreeBSD.org/${ABI}/base_latest" else fatal("Unsupported FreeBSD version: " .. raw) end end ``` 将这个函数修改如下，其中在 `return` 部分指定了镜像站： ```lua local function base_repo_url() local major, minor, branch = freebsd_version() if math.tointeger(major) < 14 then fatal("Unsupported FreeBSD version: " .. raw) end if branch == "RELEASE" or branch:match("^BETA") or branch:match("^RC") then return "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/base_release_" .. minor elseif branch == "CURRENT" or branch == "STABLE" or branch == "PRERELEASE" or branch:match("^ALPHA") then return "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/freebsd-pkg/${ABI}/base_latest" else fatal("Unsupported FreeBSD version: " .. raw) end end ``` > **警告** > > 请删除 `return "pkg+https://"` 这行中的 `pkg+`，否则会报错。 再找到下面的函数 `create_base_repo_conf` ```lua local function create_base_repo_conf(path) assert(os.execute("mkdir -p " .. path:match(".*/"))) local f = assert(io.open(path, "w")) if math.tointeger(freebsd_version()) >= 15 then assert(f:write(string.format([[ %s: { enabled: yes } ]], options.repo_name))) else assert(f:write(string.format([[ %s: { url: "%s", mirror_type: "srv", signature_type: "fingerprints", fingerprints: "/usr/share/keys/pkg", enabled: yes } ]], options.repo_name, base_repo_url()))) end end ``` 修改如下（删除了 srv 相关数行）： ```lua local function create_base_repo_conf(path) assert(os.execute("mkdir -p " .. path:match(".*/"))) local f = assert(io.open(path, "w")) if math.tointeger(freebsd_version()) >= 15 then assert(f:write(string.format([[ %s: { enabled: yes } ]], options.repo_name))) else assert(f:write(string.format([[ %s: { url: "%s", enabled: yes } ]], options.repo_name, base_repo_url()))) end end ``` > **技巧** > > 注重安全性的读者应保持默认设置。 --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. 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