> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/di-13-zhang-zhuo-mian-huan-jing/di-13.4-jie-xfce.md).

# 13.4 Xfce

Xfce 是一款基于 GTK+ 的轻量级桌面环境，提供简洁、高效、易于使用的桌面体验。它完全可配置，拥有包含菜单、小程序和应用程序启动器的主面板，提供文件管理器和声音管理器，并支持主题。由于其快速、轻巧、高效的特性，非常适合配置较低或内存受限的计算机。

值得一提的是，Xfce 的 Logo 是一只老鼠 🐀。曾有用户反馈一则轶事，称因 Xfce 的默认壁纸是一只老鼠 🐀，导致电脑屏幕被猫 🐈 抓坏（SanjaytheToilet. \[joke] The default desktop startup screen causes damage to monitor!\[EB/OL]. (2015-08-04)\[2026-04-04]. <https://bugzilla.xfce.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12117>.）。

## 安装 Xfce 桌面环境

* 通过 pkg 安装

```sh
# pkg install xorg xfce wqy-fonts xdg-user-dirs xfce4-goodies 
```

* 或通过 Ports 安装：

```sh
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4 && make install clean # 注意包名中的数字 4
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xfce4-goodies/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/devel/xdg-user-dirs/ && make install clean
```

登录管理器可考虑使用 LightDM。

### 软件包说明

| 包名              | 作用说明           |
| --------------- | -------------- |
| `xorg`          | X 窗口系统         |
| `xfce`          | Xfce 桌面环境      |
| `wqy-fonts`     | 文泉驿中文字体        |
| `xdg-user-dirs` | 管理用户主目录        |
| `xfce4-goodies` | Xfce 附加组件和插件集合 |

## startx 命令

将 Xfce 启动脚本写入 **\~/.xinitrc** 文件，以便使用 startx 命令启动 Xfce：

```sh
$ echo "/usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc" > ~/.xinitrc
```

## 启动服务

设置 D-Bus 服务开机自启：

```sh
# service dbus enable
```

## 图片欣赏

![FreeBSD 安装 Xfce](/files/4C1m6TLZiogEg66AokVg)

![FreeBSD 安装 Xfce](/files/mhhAskyyhentmQbFlC8H)

## 全局菜单（可选）

使用 pkg 安装：

```sh
# pkg install xfce4-appmenu-plugin appmenu-gtk-module appmenu-registrar
```

或使用 Ports 安装：

```sh
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xfce4-appmenu-plugin/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/gtk-app-menu/ && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/x11/appmenu-registrar/ && make install clean
```

查看安装后的说明并据此配置。

```sh
$ xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Gtk/ShellShowsMenubar -n -t bool -s true  # 启用 GTK 菜单栏显示
$ xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Gtk/ShellShowsAppmenu -n -t bool -s true  # 启用 GTK 应用菜单显示
$ xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Gtk/Modules -n -t string -s "appmenu-gtk-module"  # 设置 GTK 模块为 appmenu-gtk-module
```

## XTerm 终端动态标题

### sh

编辑 **\~/.shrc** 文件，写入：

```sh
if [ -t 1 ]; then
  while :; do
    printf '\033]0;%s\007' "$PWD"
    printf '\n$ '
    if ! IFS= read -r cmd; then
      break
    fi
    printf '\033]0;%s\007' "$cmd"
    eval "$cmd"
  done
  exit
fi
```

> **警告**
>
> 此脚本使用 `eval` 存在注入风险！请谨慎使用。

### csh

编辑 **\~/.cshrc** 文件，写入：

```sh
if ( $?TERM && $TERM =~ xterm* ) then
    set host = `hostname`
    alias postcmd 'rehash; printf -- "\033]2;%s\007" "${user}@${host}: ${cwd}"'
endif
```

### tcsh

编辑 **\~/.tcshrc** 文件，写入：

```sh
switch ($TERM)
case xterm*:
    set prompt="%{\033]0;%n@%m: %~\007%}%# "
    breaksw
default:
    set prompt="%# "
    breaksw
endsw
```

### Bash

编辑 **\~/.bashrc** 文件，写入：

```sh
case $TERM in
         xterm*)
             PS1="\[\033]0;\u@\h: \w\007\]bash\\$ "
             ;;
         *)
             PS1="bash\\$ "
             ;;
     esac
```

### Zsh

编辑 **\~/.zshrc** 文件，写入：

```sh
autoload -Uz add-zsh-hook

function xterm_title_precmd () {
	print -Pn -- '\e]2;%n@%m %~\a'
	[[ "$TERM" == 'screen'* ]] && print -Pn -- '\e_\005{2}%n\005{-}@\005{5}%m\005{-} \005{+b 4}%~\005{-}\e\\'
}

function xterm_title_preexec () {
	print -Pn -- '\e]2;%n@%m %~ %# ' && print -n -- "${(q)1}\a"
	[[ "$TERM" == 'screen'* ]] && { print -Pn -- '\e_\005{2}%n\005{-}@\005{5}%m\005{-} \005{+b 4}%~\005{-} %# ' && print -n -- "${(q)1}\e\\"; }
}

if [[ "$TERM" == (Eterm*|alacritty*|aterm*|foot*|gnome*|konsole*|kterm*|putty*|rxvt*|screen*|wezterm*|tmux*|xterm*) ]]; then
	add-zsh-hook -Uz precmd xterm_title_precmd
	add-zsh-hook -Uz preexec xterm_title_preexec
fi
```

### 参考文献

* Oracle Corporation. 6.1 动态设置标题不起作用\[EB/OL]. \[2026-03-25]. <https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/817-1951/6mhl8aiii/index.html>. bash 配置来自此处。
* Wamphyre. BSD-XFCE\[EB/OL]. \[2026-03-25]. <https://web.archive.org/web/20260121072214/https://github.com/Wamphyre/BSD-XFCE>. 配置参考集合。
* Arch Linux Project. Zsh\[EB/OL]. \[2026-03-25]. <https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Zsh>. 该文档提供 Zsh 配置的详细教程，本节 Zsh 配置源自此。

## 故障排除与未竟事宜

如需进一步动态显示当前进程，目前仅 sh 支持该功能。


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