# 11.6 openSUSE 兼容层 openSUSE 兼容层基于 Leap dnf 容器镜像构建，opi 工具会自动安装 zypper 包管理器以实现双包管理器共存。本节提供自动化脚本及软件源配置指引。 ## 基于 openSUSE Leap dnf 容器的 Shell 脚本 本节脚本采用 openSUSE Leap dnf 容器镜像作为基本系统。该镜像基于 dnf 包管理器构建，但 openSUSE 的 opi 工具会自动安装 zypper，实现双包管理器共存。用户仍需按照 [清华大学镜像站 openSUSE 使用帮助](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/opensuse/) 的指引，手动配置 zypper 软件源。 脚本内容如下： ```sh #!/bin/sh # 指定脚本使用的 shell rootdir=/compat/suse # 定义 openSUSE 兼容层根目录 url="https://download.opensuse.org/pub/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.6/appliances/opensuse-leap-dnf-image.x86_64-lxc-dnf.tar.xz" # openSUSE bootstrap 下载地址。该链接会随版本更新，请自行获取最新链接；文件名实际包含版本号与构建号（如 opensuse-leap-dnf-image.x86_64-15.6.0-lxc-dnf-BuildXX.XXX.tar.xz），请查阅 https://download.opensuse.org/pub/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.6/appliances/ 获取准确文件名 echo "Starting openSUSE Leap 15.6 installation..." # 输出安装开始信息 echo "check modules ..." # 输出模块检查信息 # check linux module if [ "$(sysrc -n linux_enable)" = "NO" ]; then # 检查 Linux 内核模块是否启用 echo "linux module should be loaded. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示是否继续 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "linux module not loaded" # 提示模块未加载 exit 1 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") sysrc linux_enable=YES # 启用 Linux 内核模块 ;; esac fi echo "start linux" # 输出启动 Linux 信息 service linux start # 启动 Linux 内核模块 # check dbus if ! /usr/bin/which -s dbus-daemon;then # 检查 dbus-daemon 是否存在 echo "dbus-daemon not found. Install it [Y|n]" # 提示安装 dbus read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "dbus not installed" # 提示未安装 dbus exit 2 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") pkg install -y dbus # 安装 dbus ;; esac fi if [ "$(sysrc -n dbus_enable)" != "YES" ]; then # 检查 dbus 服务是否启用 echo "dbus should be enabled. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示是否启用 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "dbus not running" # 提示 dbus 未运行 exit 2 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") service dbus enable # 启用 dbus 服务开机自启 ;; esac fi echo "start dbus" # 输出启动 dbus 信息 service dbus start # 启动 dbus 服务 echo "now we will bootstrap openSUSE" # 输出 bootstrap 开始信息 fetch ${url} # 下载 openSUSE bootstrap 压缩包 mkdir -p ${rootdir} # 创建目标目录 tar xvf opensuse-leap-dnf-image*.tar.xz -C ${rootdir} --numeric-owner # 解压压缩包 rm opensuse-leap-dnf-image*.tar.xz # 删除压缩包 if [ ! "$(sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf -qn nullfs_load)" = "YES" ]; then # 检查 nullfs 是否加载 echo "nullfs_load should load. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示是否继续 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "nullfs is not loaded" # 提示未加载 exit 3 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf nullfs_load=yes # 设置 nullfs 开机自启 ;; esac fi if ! kldstat -n nullfs >/dev/null 2>&1;then # 检查 nullfs 模块是否已加载 echo "load nullfs module" # 输出加载信息 kldload -v nullfs # 加载 nullfs 模块 fi echo "mount some fs for linux" # 输出挂载文件系统信息 echo "devfs ${rootdir}/dev devfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # devfs 挂载 echo "tmpfs ${rootdir}/dev/shm tmpfs rw,late,size=1g,mode=1777 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # tmpfs 挂载 echo "fdescfs ${rootdir}/dev/fd fdescfs rw,late,linrdlnk 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # fdescfs 挂载 echo "linprocfs ${rootdir}/proc linprocfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # linprocfs 挂载 echo "linsysfs ${rootdir}/sys linsysfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # linsysfs 挂载 echo "/tmp ${rootdir}/tmp nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # /tmp 挂载 #echo "/home ${rootdir}/home nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # /home 挂载，可选 mount -al # 挂载 fstab 中所有文件系统 echo "For openSUSE, we should change 'compat.linux.osrelease'. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示修改 Linux 内核版本 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "close to success" # 提示跳过修改 exit 4 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") echo "compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf # 持久化设置 Linux 内核版本 sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10 # 立即生效 ;; esac echo "complete!" # 输出完成信息 echo "to use: chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash" # 提示使用 chroot 进入 openSUSE 兼容层 echo "" echo "I will set resolv.conf to Ali DNS" # 提示将 DNS 设置为阿里云公共 DNS echo "Continue? [Y|n]" # 提示是否继续 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "set your openSUSE by yourself. Bye!" # 提示用户自行配置 exit 0 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" >> ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf # 设置 DNS echo "I will install opi, nano, tar, and vim" # 输出安装软件信息 chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "dnf update && dnf install -y opi nano tar vim" # 安装常用软件 echo "all done." # 输出完成信息 echo "Now you can run '#chroot /compat/suse/ /bin/bash' to enter openSUSE" # 提示用户进入 openSUSE ;; esac ``` ## openSUSE Tumbleweed Shell 脚本 本节存在已知问题，暂不可用。 需要指出的是，Tumbleweed 即风滚草，是 openSUSE 的滚动更新版本。 脚本内容如下： ```sh #!/bin/sh # 指定脚本使用的 shell rootdir=/compat/suse # 定义 openSUSE 兼容层根目录 url="https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Virtualization:/containers:/images:/openSUSE-Tumbleweed/container/opensuse-tumbleweed-dnf-image.x86_64-lxc-dnf.tar.xz" # openSUSE bootstrap 下载地址 echo "Starting openSUSE Tumbleweed installation..." # 输出安装开始信息 echo "check modules ..." # 输出模块检查信息 # check linux module if [ "$(sysrc -n linux_enable)" = "NO" ]; then # 检查 Linux 内核模块是否启用 echo "linux module should be loaded. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示是否继续 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "linux module not loaded" # 提示模块未加载 exit 1 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") sysrc linux_enable=YES # 启用 Linux 内核模块 ;; esac fi echo "start linux" # 输出启动 Linux 信息 service linux start # 启动 Linux 内核模块 # check dbus if ! /usr/bin/which -s dbus-daemon;then # 检查 dbus-daemon 是否存在 echo "dbus-daemon not found. Install it [Y|n]" # 提示安装 dbus read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "dbus not installed" # 提示未安装 dbus exit 2 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") pkg install -y dbus # 安装 dbus ;; esac fi if [ "$(sysrc -n dbus_enable)" != "YES" ]; then # 检查 dbus 服务是否启用 echo "dbus should be enabled. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示是否启用 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "dbus not running" # 提示 dbus 未运行 exit 2 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") service dbus enable # 启用 dbus 服务开机自启 ;; esac fi echo "start dbus" # 输出启动 dbus 信息 service dbus start # 启动 dbus 服务 echo "now we will bootstrap openSUSE" # 输出 bootstrap 开始信息 fetch ${url} # 下载 openSUSE bootstrap 压缩包 mkdir -p ${rootdir} # 创建目标目录 tar xvf opensuse*.tar.xz -C ${rootdir} --numeric-owner # 解压压缩包 rm opensuse-tumbleweed-dnf-image.x86_64-lxc-dnf.tar.xz # 删除压缩包 if [ ! "$(sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf -qn nullfs_load)" = "YES" ]; then # 检查 nullfs 是否加载 echo "nullfs_load should load. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示是否继续 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "nullfs is not loaded" # 提示 nullfs 未加载 exit 3 # 退出脚本 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf nullfs_load=yes # 设置 nullfs 开机自启 ;; esac fi if ! kldstat -n nullfs >/dev/null 2>&1;then # 检查 nullfs 模块是否已加载 echo "load nullfs module" # 输出加载信息 kldload -v nullfs # 加载 nullfs 模块 fi echo "mount some fs for linux" # 输出挂载文件系统信息 echo "devfs ${rootdir}/dev devfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # devfs 挂载 echo "tmpfs ${rootdir}/dev/shm tmpfs rw,late,size=1g,mode=1777 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # tmpfs 挂载 echo "fdescfs ${rootdir}/dev/fd fdescfs rw,late,linrdlnk 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # fdescfs 挂载 echo "linprocfs ${rootdir}/proc linprocfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # linprocfs 挂载 echo "linsysfs ${rootdir}/sys linsysfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # linsysfs 挂载 echo "/tmp ${rootdir}/tmp nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # /tmp 挂载 #echo "/home ${rootdir}/home nullfs rw,late 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # /home 挂载，可选 mount -al # 挂载 fstab 中所有文件系统 echo "For openSUSE, we should change 'compat.linux.osrelease'. Continue? (Y|n)" # 提示修改 Linux 内核版本 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "close to success" # 提示跳过修改 exit 4 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") echo "compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf # 持久化设置 Linux 内核版本 sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=6.2.10 # 立即生效 ;; esac echo "complete!" # 输出完成信息 echo "to use: chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash" # 提示使用 chroot 进入 openSUSE 兼容层 echo "" echo "I will set resolv.conf to Ali DNS" # 提示将 DNS 设置为阿里云公共 DNS echo "Continue? [Y|n]" # 提示是否继续 read answer # 读取用户输入 case $answer in [Nn][Oo]|[Nn]) echo "set your openSUSE by yourself. Bye!" # 提示用户自行配置 exit 0 ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Yy]|"") echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" >> ${rootdir}/etc/resolv.conf # 设置 DNS echo "Now I will install opi, nano, tar, and vim" # 输出安装软件信息 chroot ${rootdir} /bin/bash -c "dnf update && dnf install -y opi nano tar vim" # 安装常用软件 echo "all done." # 输出完成信息 echo "Now you can run '#chroot /compat/suse/ /bin/bash' to enter openSUSE" # 提示用户进入 openSUSE ;; esac ``` ## 故障排除与未竟事宜 ### 使用 LXC Leap 镜像时 zypper 不可用 具体而言，在使用 openSUSE Tumbleweed 时，dnf 和 zypper 均不可用。该问题不影响 Leap 对应的脚本，但影响 Tumbleweed 对应的脚本，导致无法正常使用。已提交 [Bug 报告](https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1213158)。 例如安装 Vim 时会报错： ```sh Installation of perl-5.36.1-1.2.x86_64 failed: Error Subprocess failed Error: RPM failed: Command exited with status 1 ``` 在 LXC Leap 中，用 rpm 替换 rpm-ndb 可解决该问题，且 dnf 不受影响，该问题仅存在于 zypper 中。然而，在 openSUSE Tumbleweed LXC 中，dnf 和 zypper 都存在该问题，替换 rpm-ndb 无法解决。 --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. 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