> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/ask/flat/mu-lu.md).

# Table of Contents

* [FreeBSD Ask](/ask/flat/readme.md)
* [Changelog](/ask/flat/changelog.md)
* [Contributing Guide and Open Tasks](/ask/flat/contributing.md)
* [Table of Contents](/ask/flat/mu-lu.md)

## Preface

* [Preface](/ask/flat/preface/qian-yan.md)
* [Introduction](/ask/flat/preface/xu-lun.md)
* [To the Reader: Emancipate the Mind, Return to Authenticity, Uphold Humanism, and Reject the Wrong Path of the Philosophy of Suffering](/ask/flat/preface/zhi-du-zhe-jie-fang-si-xiang-hui-gui-ben-zhen-gao-yang-ren-dao-zhu-yi-bu-zou-ku-nan-zhe-xue-de-xie-l.md)
* [Acknowledgments](/ask/flat/preface/zhi-xie.md)

## Chapter 1: Discovering FreeBSD

* [1.1 What Is UNIX?](/ask/flat/chapter-1-discovering-freebsd/di-1.1-jie-shen-me-shi-unix.md)
* [1.2 The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement](/ask/flat/chapter-1-discovering-freebsd/di-1.2-jie-gnu-cao-zuo-xi-tong-he-zi-you-ruan-jian-yun-dong.md)
* [1.3 Linux and UNIX-like Systems](/ask/flat/chapter-1-discovering-freebsd/di-1.3-jie-linux-yu-lei-unix.md)
* [1.4 What Is FreeBSD](/ask/flat/chapter-1-discovering-freebsd/di-1.4-jie-shen-me-shi-freebsd.md)
* [1.5 George Berkeley and the BSD Cultural Tradition](/ask/flat/chapter-1-discovering-freebsd/di-1.5-jie-qiao-zhi-bei-ke-lai-george-berkeley-yu-bsd-wen-hua-chuan-tong.md)

## Chapter 2: Introduction to FreeBSD

* [2.1 FreeBSD: Ideals, Reality, and the Middle Way](/ask/flat/chapter-2-introduction-to-freebsd/di-2.1-jie-freebsd-li-xiang-xian-shi-yu-zhong-dao.md)
* [2.2 About the FreeBSD Project](/ask/flat/chapter-2-introduction-to-freebsd/di-2.2-jie-guan-yu-freebsd-xiang-mu.md)
* [2.3 FreeBSD Development Model](/ask/flat/chapter-2-introduction-to-freebsd/di-2.3-jie-freebsd-kai-fa-mo-xing.md)
* [2.4 A Brief History of FreeBSD](/ask/flat/chapter-2-introduction-to-freebsd/di-2.4-jie-freebsd-jian-shi.md)

## Chapter 3: Migration Guide

* [3.1 Migration Guide for Windows Users](/ask/flat/chapter-3-migration-guide/di-3.1-jie-windows-yong-hu-qian-yi-zhi-nan.md)
* [3.2 Migration Guide for Linux Users](/ask/flat/chapter-3-migration-guide/di-3.2-jie-linux-yong-hu-qian-yi-zhi-nan.md)
* [3.3 Migration Guide for macOS Users](/ask/flat/chapter-3-migration-guide/di-3.3-jie-macos-yong-hu-qian-yi-zhi-nan.md)
* [3.4 Overview of Other BSD Distributions](/ask/flat/chapter-3-migration-guide/di-3.4-jie-qi-ta-bsd-fa-xing-ban-gai-lun.md)
* [3.5 Overview of BSD Licenses](/ask/flat/chapter-3-migration-guide/di-3.5-jie-bsd-xu-ke-zheng-gai-lan.md)

## Chapter 4: FreeBSD Installation Basics

* [4.1 Pre-installation Preparation](/ask/flat/chapter-4-freebsd-installation-basics/di-4.1-jie-an-zhuang-qian-de-zhun-bei-gong-zuo.md)
* [4.2 FreeBSD 15 Installation Guide (AMD64)](/ask/flat/chapter-4-freebsd-installation-basics/di-4.2-jie-freebsd-15-an-zhuang-zhi-nan-amd64.md)
* [4.3 Installation Troubleshooting](/ask/flat/chapter-4-freebsd-installation-basics/di-4.3-jie-an-zhuang-gu-zhang-pai-chu.md)
* [4.4 Restoring a USB Boot Drive in Windows](/ask/flat/chapter-4-freebsd-installation-basics/di-4.4-jie-zai-windows-zhong-jiang-usb-qi-dong-pan-hui-fu-wei-pu-tong-cun-chu-she-bei.md)

## Chapter 5: Installing FreeBSD on Virtualization Platforms

* [5.1 Installing FreeBSD with VMware Workstation Pro](/ask/flat/chapter-5-installing-freebsd-on-virtualization-platforms/di-5.1-jie-shi-yong-vmware-workstation-pro-an-zhuang-freebsd.md)
* [5.2 Installing FreeBSD with VirtualBox](/ask/flat/chapter-5-installing-freebsd-on-virtualization-platforms/di-5.2-jie-shi-yong-virtualbox-an-zhuang-freebsd.md)
* [5.3 Installing FreeBSD with Hyper-V](/ask/flat/chapter-5-installing-freebsd-on-virtualization-platforms/di-5.3-jie-shi-yong-hyper-v-an-zhuang-freebsd.md)
* [5.4 Installing FreeBSD on Apple M1 with Parallels Desktop](/ask/flat/chapter-5-installing-freebsd-on-virtualization-platforms/di-5.4-jie-ji-yu-apple-m1-he-parallels-desktop-an-zhuang-freebsd.md)
* [5.5 Installing FreeBSD on Apple M1 with VMware Fusion Pro](/ask/flat/chapter-5-installing-freebsd-on-virtualization-platforms/di-5.5-jie-ji-yu-apple-m1-he-vmware-fusion-pro-an-zhuang-freebsd.md)

## Chapter 6: Command-Line Environment

* [6.1 Virtual Consoles and Terminals](/ask/flat/chapter-6-command-line-environment/di-6.1-jie-xu-ni-kong-zhi-tai-he-zhong-duan.md)
* [6.2 Shell Basics](/ask/flat/chapter-6-command-line-environment/di-6.2-jie-shell.md)
* [6.3 Switching Shells](/ask/flat/chapter-6-command-line-environment/di-6.3-jie-qie-huan-shell.md)
* [6.4 Command-Line Basics](/ask/flat/chapter-6-command-line-environment/di-6.4-jie-ming-ling-xing-ji-chu.md)
* [6.5 Text Editors](/ask/flat/chapter-6-command-line-environment/di-6.5-jie-wen-ben-bian-ji-qi.md)
* [6.6 Compression and Archiving](/ask/flat/chapter-6-command-line-environment/di-6.6-jie-ya-suo-he-jie-ya-suo.md)

## Chapter 7: Network Management

* [7.1 Computer Networking Basics](/ask/flat/chapter-7-network-management/di-7.1-jie-ji-suan-ji-wang-luo-ji-chu.md)
* [7.2 Basic Network Management](/ask/flat/chapter-7-network-management/di-7.2-jie-ji-chu-wang-luo-guan-li.md)
* [7.3 Wireless Network Management](/ask/flat/chapter-7-network-management/di-7.3-jie-wu-xian-wang-luo-guan-li.md)
* [7.4 Bluetooth](/ask/flat/chapter-7-network-management/di-7.4-jie-lan-ya.md)
* [7.5 USB Network Tethering](/ask/flat/chapter-7-network-management/di-7.5-jie-usb-wang-luo-gong-xiang.md)
* [7.6 System Proxy](/ask/flat/chapter-7-network-management/di-7.6-jie-xi-tong-dai-li.md)

## Chapter 8: Software Management

* [8.1 Overview of FreeBSD Package Manager](/ask/flat/chapter-8-software-management/di-8.1-jie-freebsd-bao-guan-li-qi-gai-shu.md)
* [8.2 FreeBSD Software Repositories](/ask/flat/chapter-8-software-management/di-8.2-jie-freebsd-ruan-jian-yuan.md)
* [8.3 Managing Binary Packages with pkg](/ask/flat/chapter-8-software-management/di-8.3-jie-shi-yong-pkg-guan-li-er-jin-zhi-bao.md)
* [8.4 Installing Software from Source with Ports](/ask/flat/chapter-8-software-management/di-8.4-jie-shi-yong-ports-yi-yuan-dai-ma-fang-shi-an-zhuang-ruan-jian.md)
* [8.5 Ports Build Tuning](/ask/flat/chapter-8-software-management/di-8.5-jie-ports-gou-jian-diao-you.md)
* [8.6 Installing Software from DVD](/ask/flat/chapter-8-software-management/di-8.6-jie-shi-yong-dvd-an-zhuang-ruan-jian.md)
* [8.7 FreeBSD Mirror Site Status](/ask/flat/chapter-8-software-management/di-8.7-jie-freebsd-jing-xiang-zhan-xian-zhuang.md)

## Chapter 9: The X Window System

* [9.1 Overview of Graphics Drivers](/ask/flat/chapter-9-the-x-window-system/di-9.1-jie-xian-ka-qu-dong-gai-lun.md)
* [9.2 Intel Graphics Drivers](/ask/flat/chapter-9-the-x-window-system/di-9.2-jie-intel-xian-ka-qu-dong.md)
* [9.3 AMD Graphics Drivers](/ask/flat/chapter-9-the-x-window-system/di-9.3-jie-amd-xian-ka-qu-dong.md)
* [9.4 NVIDIA Graphics Drivers](/ask/flat/chapter-9-the-x-window-system/di-9.4-jie-nvidia-xian-ka-qu-dong.md)
* [9.5 System Fonts](/ask/flat/chapter-9-the-x-window-system/di-9.5-jie-xi-tong-zi-ti.md)
* [9.6 Remote Desktop](/ask/flat/chapter-9-the-x-window-system/di-9.6-jie-yuan-cheng-zhuo-mian.md)
* [9.9 Root User Desktop Login](/ask/flat/chapter-9-the-x-window-system/di-9.9-jie-root-yong-hu-zhuo-mian-deng-lu.md)

## Chapter 10: Desktop Environments

* [10.1 KDE 6 Desktop Environment (X11 Session)](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.1-jie-kde-6-zhuo-mian-huan-jing-x11-hui-hua.md)
* [10.2 KDE 6 Desktop Environment (Wayland Session)](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.2-jie-kde-6-zhuo-mian-huan-jing-wayland-hui-hua.md)
* [10.3 MATE](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.3-jie-mate.md)
* [10.4 Xfce](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.4-jie-xfce.md)
* [10.5 Cinnamon](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.5-jie-cinnamon.md)
* [10.6 LXQt](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.6-jie-lxqt.md)
* [10.7 GNOME](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.7-jie-gnome.md)
* [10.8 IceWM](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.8-jie-icewm.md)
* [10.9 CDE (To Be Removed)](/ask/flat/chapter-10-desktop-environments/di-10.9-jie-cde-ni-shan-chu.md)

## Chapter 11: Multimedia and External Devices

* [11.1 Sound Cards](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.1-jie-sheng-ka.md)
* [11.2 Printers](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.2-jie-da-yin-ji.md)
* [11.3 Webcams](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.3-jie-she-xiang-tou.md)
* [11.4 Human Input Devices](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.4-jie-ren-ji-shu-ru-she-bei.md)
* [11.5 Audio Players](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.5-jie-yin-pin-bo-fang-qi.md)
* [11.6 Video Players](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.6-jie-shi-pin-bo-fang-qi.md)
* [11.7 Multimedia Processing](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.7-jie-duo-mei-ti-chu-li.md)
* [11.8 Document Viewers](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.8-jie-wen-dang-cha-kan-qi.md)
* [11.9 Web Browsers](/ask/flat/chapter-11-multimedia-and-external-devices/di-11.9-jie-web-liu-lan-qi.md)

## Chapter 12: Localization and Input Methods

* [12.1 Localization Environment Variables](/ask/flat/chapter-12-localization-and-input-methods/di-12.1-jie-ben-di-hua-huan-jing-bian-liang.md)
* [12.2 Language-Specific Locale Configuration](/ask/flat/chapter-12-localization-and-input-methods/di-12.2-jie-te-ding-yu-yan-de-qu-yu-pei-zhi.md)
* [12.3 Fcitx Input Method Framework](/ask/flat/chapter-12-localization-and-input-methods/di-12.3-jie-fcitx-shu-ru-fa-kuang-jia.md)
* [12.4 IBus Input Method Framework](/ask/flat/chapter-12-localization-and-input-methods/di-12.4-jie-ibus-shu-ru-fa-kuang-jia.md)
* [12.5 Wubi Input Method](/ask/flat/chapter-12-localization-and-input-methods/di-12.5-jie-wu-bi-shu-ru-fa.md)

## Chapter 13: FreeBSD System Updates

* [13.1 Updating FreeBSD with freebsd-update](/ask/flat/chapter-13-freebsd-system-updates/di-13.1-jie-shi-yong-freebsd-update-geng-xin-freebsd.md)
* [13.2 Updating FreeBSD from Source](/ask/flat/chapter-13-freebsd-system-updates/di-13.2-jie-shi-yong-yuan-dai-ma-geng-xin-freebsd.md)
* [13.3 Updating the Base System with PkgBase](/ask/flat/chapter-13-freebsd-system-updates/di-13.3-jie-shi-yong-pkgbase-geng-xin-ji-ben-xi-tong.md)
* [13.4 Multi-Version Coexistence with ZFS Boot Environments](/ask/flat/chapter-13-freebsd-system-updates/di-13.4-jie-tong-guo-zfs-qi-dong-huan-jing-shi-xian-duo-ban-ben-gong-cun.md)

## Chapter 14: User Accounts and Permissions

* [14.1 Users and Basic Account Management](/ask/flat/chapter-14-user-accounts-and-permissions/di-14.1-jie-yong-hu-he-ji-ben-zhang-hu-guan-li.md)
* [14.2 Permissions](/ask/flat/chapter-14-user-accounts-and-permissions/di-14.2-jie-quan-xian.md)
* [14.3 User Classification](/ask/flat/chapter-14-user-accounts-and-permissions/di-14.3-jie-yong-hu-fen-ji.md)
* [14.4 Privilege Escalation Tools](/ask/flat/chapter-14-user-accounts-and-permissions/di-14.4-jie-quan-xian-ti-sheng-gong-ju.md)

## Chapter 15: System Booting

* [15.1 Boot Loaders](/ask/flat/chapter-15-system-booting/di-15.1-jie-qi-dong-yin-dao-qi.md)
* [15.2 Boot Messages (dmesg)](/ask/flat/chapter-15-system-booting/di-15.2-jie-qi-dong-xiao-xi-dmesg.md)
* [15.3 Boot Managers and UEFI Firmware](/ask/flat/chapter-15-system-booting/di-15.3-jie-yin-dao-guan-li-qi-yu-uefi-gu-jian.md)
* [15.4 Processes and Daemons](/ask/flat/chapter-15-system-booting/di-15.4-jie-jin-cheng-yu-shou-hu-jin-cheng.md)
* [15.5 Managing Services in FreeBSD](/ask/flat/chapter-15-system-booting/di-15.5-jie-guan-li-freebsd-zhong-de-fu-wu.md)

## Chapter 16: Advanced FreeBSD Installation

* [16.1 Dual-Boot Installation (FreeBSD Installed First)](/ask/flat/chapter-16-advanced-freebsd-installation/di-16.1-jie-an-zhuang-shuang-xi-tong-xian-an-zhuang-freebsd.md)
* [16.2 Dual-Boot Installation (FreeBSD Installed Second)](/ask/flat/chapter-16-advanced-freebsd-installation/di-16.2-jie-an-zhuang-shuang-xi-tong-hou-an-zhuang-freebsd.md)
* [16.3 Installing FreeBSD on Tencent Cloud Lighthouse (Legacy Boot/MBR)](/ask/flat/chapter-16-advanced-freebsd-installation/di-16.3-jie-teng-xun-yun-qing-liang-yun-an-zhuang-freebsd-chuan-tong-yin-dao-he-mbr-fen-qu-biao.md)
* [16.4 Installing FreeBSD on KVM, QEMU, and Other Platforms (Legacy Boot/MBR)](/ask/flat/chapter-16-advanced-freebsd-installation/di-16.4-jie-kvm-qemu-deng-ping-tai-an-zhuang-freebsd-chuan-tong-yin-dao-he-mbr-fen-qu-biao.md)
* [16.5 Installing FreeBSD on Alibaba Cloud Lightweight Server (UEFI/GPT)](/ask/flat/chapter-16-advanced-freebsd-installation/di-16.5-jie-a-li-yun-qing-liang-ying-yong-fu-wu-qi-an-zhuang-freebsd-uefi-he-gpt-fen-qu-biao.md)
* [16.6 Installing RISC-V FreeBSD with QEMU (on x86 Windows Host)](/ask/flat/chapter-16-advanced-freebsd-installation/di-16.6-jie-qemu-an-zhuang-risc-v-freebsd-ji-yu-x86-windows-zhu-ji.md)

## Chapter 17: System Administration

* [17.1 System Directory Structure](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.1-jie-xi-tong-mu-lu-jie-gou.md)
* [17.2 bsdconfig](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.2-jie-bsdconfig.md)
* [17.3 OpenSSH](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.3-jie-openssh.md)
* [17.4 Device Resource Hints](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.4-jie-she-bei-zi-yuan-ti-shi.md)
* [17.5 Cron and Periodic](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.5-jie-cron-he-periodic.md)
* [17.6 System Log Management](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.6-jie-xi-tong-ri-zhi-guan-li.md)
* [17.7 The sysctl Utility](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.7-jie-sysctl-gong-ju.md)
* [17.8 NTP Time Synchronization and Time Zones](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.8-jie-ntp-shi-jian-tong-bu-yu-shi-qu.md)
* [17.9 Live Images and System Recovery](/ask/flat/chapter-17-system-administration/di-17.9-jie-live-jing-xiang-yu-xi-tong-hui-fu.md)

## Chapter 18: Linux Compatibility Layer

* [18.1 Linux Compatibility Layer Architecture](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.1-jie-linux-jian-rong-ceng-jia-gou.md)
* [18.2 Rocky Linux Compatibility Layer](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.2-jie-rocky-linux-jian-rong-ceng.md)
* [18.3 Ubuntu/Debian/Kali Linux Compatibility Layer](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.3-jie-ubuntu-debian-kali-linux-jian-rong-ceng.md)
* [18.4 Arch Linux Compatibility Layer](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.4-jie-arch-linux-jian-rong-ceng.md)
* [18.5 Slackware Linux Compatibility Layer](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.5-jie-slackware-linux-jian-rong-ceng.md)
* [18.6 Gentoo Linux Compatibility Layer](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.6-jie-gentoo-linux-jian-rong-ceng.md)
* [18.7 WeChat (Linux Version)](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.7-jie-wei-xin-linux-ban.md)
* [18.8 QQ (Linux Version)](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.8-jie-qq-linux-ban.md)
* [18.9 WPS Office (Linux Version)](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.9-jie-wps-office-linux-ban.md)
* [18.10 Troubleshooting and Remaining Issues](/ask/flat/chapter-18-linux-compatibility-layer/di-18.10-jie-gu-zhang-pai-chu-yu-wei-jing-shi-yi.md)

## Chapter 19: Games, Scientific Computing, and Professional Tools

* [19.1 Godot Open-Source Game Engine](/ask/flat/chapter-19-games-scientific-computing-and-professional-tools/di-19.1-jie-godot-kai-yuan-you-xi-yin-qing.md)
* [19.2 Minecraft Server](/ask/flat/chapter-19-games-scientific-computing-and-professional-tools/di-19.2-jie-wo-de-shi-jie-minecraft-fu-wu-qi.md)
* [19.3 Minecraft](/ask/flat/chapter-19-games-scientific-computing-and-professional-tools/di-19.3-jie-wo-de-shi-jie-minecraft.md)
* [19.4 Steam Client](/ask/flat/chapter-19-games-scientific-computing-and-professional-tools/di-19.4-jie-steam-ke-hu-duan.md)
* [19.5 R](/ask/flat/chapter-19-games-scientific-computing-and-professional-tools/di-19.5-jie-r-yu-yan.md)
* [19.6 Wine](/ask/flat/chapter-19-games-scientific-computing-and-professional-tools/di-19.6-jie-wine.md)
* [19.7 Scientific Research and Professional Computing](/ask/flat/chapter-19-games-scientific-computing-and-professional-tools/di-19.7-jie-ke-yan-he-zhuan-ye-ji-suan.md)

## Chapter 20: Artificial Intelligence

* [20.1 AI Terminology and Concepts](/ask/flat/chapter-20-artificial-intelligence/di-20.1-jie-ren-gong-zhi-neng-shu-yu-yu-gai-nian.md)
* [20.2 Mathematical Foundations of Transformers with Code Examples](/ask/flat/chapter-20-artificial-intelligence/di-20.2-jie-transformer-shu-xue-ji-chu-yu-cheng-xu-yan-shi.md)
* [20.3 Selected Readings in AI Philosophy](/ask/flat/chapter-20-artificial-intelligence/di-20.3-jie-ren-gong-zhi-neng-zhe-xue-yuan-zhu-xuan-du.md)
* [20.4 Local Deployment of Large Language Models](/ask/flat/chapter-20-artificial-intelligence/di-20.4-jie-da-mo-xing-ben-di-bu-shu.md)

## Chapter 21: Development Environments

* [21.1 C/C++ Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-21-development-environments/di-21.1-jie-c-c-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [21.2 Java Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-21-development-environments/di-21.2-jie-java-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [21.3 Qt Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-21-development-environments/di-21.3-jie-qt-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [21.4 Python Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-21-development-environments/di-21.4-jie-python-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [21.5 Rust Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-21-development-environments/di-21.5-jie-rust-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [21.6 Go Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-21-development-environments/di-21.6-jie-go-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [21.7 Node.js Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-21-development-environments/di-21.7-jie-node-js-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)

## Chapter 22: Development Tools

* [22.1 code-server and clangd Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-22-development-tools/di-22.1-jie-code-server-he-clangd-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [22.2 Vim Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-22-development-tools/di-22.2-jie-vim-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [22.3 Debugging FreeBSD with IDA Pro](/ask/flat/chapter-22-development-tools/di-22.3-jie-shi-yong-ida-pro-tiao-shi-freebsd.md)
* [22.4 DTrace](/ask/flat/chapter-22-development-tools/di-22.4-jie-dtrace.md)

## Chapter 23: Embedded Platforms and Development Environments

* [23.1 Installing FreeBSD on Raspberry Pi](/ask/flat/chapter-23-embedded-platforms-and-development-environments/di-23.1-jie-shu-mei-pai-freebsd-an-zhuang.md)
* [23.2 Using FreeBSD on Raspberry Pi](/ask/flat/chapter-23-embedded-platforms-and-development-environments/di-23.2-jie-shu-mei-pai-freebsd-shi-yong.md)
* [23.3 Raspberry Pi Linux Compatibility Layer](/ask/flat/chapter-23-embedded-platforms-and-development-environments/di-23.3-jie-shu-mei-pai-linux-jian-rong-ceng.md)
* [23.4 Radxa X4 x86 Development Board](/ask/flat/chapter-23-embedded-platforms-and-development-environments/di-23.4-jie-radxa-x4-x86-kai-fa-ban.md)
* [23.5 STM32 Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-23-embedded-platforms-and-development-environments/di-23.5-jie-stm32-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [23.6 ESP-IDF Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-23-embedded-platforms-and-development-environments/di-23.6-jie-esp-idf-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)
* [23.7 Arduino Development Environment](/ask/flat/chapter-23-embedded-platforms-and-development-environments/di-23.7-jie-arduino-kai-fa-huan-jing.md)

## Chapter 24: Advanced Networking

* [24.1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack](/ask/flat/chapter-24-advanced-networking/di-24.1-jie-tcp-ip-xie-yi-zhan.md)
* [24.2 Network Bridges](/ask/flat/chapter-24-advanced-networking/di-24.2-jie-wang-qiao.md)
* [24.3 Link Aggregation and Failover](/ask/flat/chapter-24-advanced-networking/di-24.3-jie-lian-lu-ju-he-yu-gu-zhang-zhuan-yi.md)
* [24.4 VLAN](/ask/flat/chapter-24-advanced-networking/di-24.4-jie-vlan.md)

## Chapter 25: Storage Management

* [25.1 USB Storage Devices](/ask/flat/chapter-25-storage-management/di-25.1-jie-usb-cun-chu-she-bei.md)
* [25.2 Virtual Memory Disks](/ask/flat/chapter-25-storage-management/di-25.2-jie-xu-ni-nei-cun-pan.md)
* [25.3 Automatic File System Mounting](/ask/flat/chapter-25-storage-management/di-25.3-jie-wen-jian-xi-tong-zi-dong-gua-zai.md)
* [25.4 Adding Swap Partitions](/ask/flat/chapter-25-storage-management/di-25.4-jie-xin-zeng-jiao-huan-fen-qu.md)
* [25.5 Encrypted Swap Partitions](/ask/flat/chapter-25-storage-management/di-25.5-jie-jia-mi-jiao-huan-fen-qu.md)

## Chapter 26: Other File Systems

* [26.1 Windows File Systems](/ask/flat/chapter-26-other-file-systems/di-26.1-jie-windows-wen-jian-xi-tong.md)
* [26.2 Linux File Systems](/ask/flat/chapter-26-other-file-systems/di-26.2-jie-linux-wen-jian-xi-tong.md)
* [26.3 macOS File Systems](/ask/flat/chapter-26-other-file-systems/di-26.3-jie-macos-wen-jian-xi-tong.md)

## Chapter 27: The UFS File System

* [27.1 Overview of the UFS File System](/ask/flat/chapter-27-the-ufs-file-system/di-27.1-jie-ufs-wen-jian-xi-tong-gai-shu.md)
* [27.2 Adding UFS Disks](/ask/flat/chapter-27-the-ufs-file-system/di-27.2-jie-tian-jia-ufs-ci-pan.md)
* [27.3 UFS Disk Expansion](/ask/flat/chapter-27-the-ufs-file-system/di-27.3-jie-ufs-ci-pan-kuo-zhan.md)
* [27.4 UFS Disk Snapshots](/ask/flat/chapter-27-the-ufs-file-system/di-27.4-jie-ufs-ci-pan-kuai-zhao.md)
* [27.5 UFS Disk Quotas](/ask/flat/chapter-27-the-ufs-file-system/di-27.5-jie-ufs-ci-pan-pei-e.md)
* [27.6 UFS Disk Encryption](/ask/flat/chapter-27-the-ufs-file-system/di-27.6-jie-ufs-ci-pan-jia-mi.md)

## Chapter 28: The ZFS File System

* [28.1 ZFS History and Reality](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.1-jie-zfs-li-shi-yu-xian-shi.md)
* [28.2 ZFS Features and Terminology](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.2-jie-zfs-te-xing-he-shu-yu.md)
* [28.3 ZFS Storage Pool Management](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.3-jie-zfs-cun-chu-chi-guan-li.md)
* [28.4 Updating ZFS Storage Pools](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.4-jie-geng-xin-zfs-cun-chu-chi.md)
* [28.5 ZFS Administration](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.5-jie-zfs-guan-li.md)
* [28.6 ZFS Tuning](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.6-jie-zfs-diao-you.md)
* [28.7 ZFS Delegated Administration](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.7-jie-zfs-wei-tuo-guan-li.md)
* [28.8 Updating OpenZFS](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.8-jie-geng-xin-openzfs.md)
* [28.9 ZFS Boot Environments](/ask/flat/chapter-28-the-zfs-file-system/di-28.9-jie-zfs-qi-dong-huan-jing.md)

## Chapter 29: Security

* [29.1 Overview of Information Security](/ask/flat/chapter-29-security/di-29.1-jie-xin-xi-an-quan-gai-lun.md)
* [29.2 Account Authentication Security](/ask/flat/chapter-29-security/di-29.2-jie-zhang-hu-ren-zheng-an-quan.md)
* [29.3 Resource Limits](/ask/flat/chapter-29-security/di-29.3-jie-zi-yuan-xian-zhi.md)
* [29.4 Security Levels](/ask/flat/chapter-29-security/di-29.4-jie-an-quan-deng-ji.md)
* [29.5 OpenSSL](/ask/flat/chapter-29-security/di-29.5-jie-openssl.md)

## Chapter 30: Security Auditing

* [30.1 Security Event Auditing](/ask/flat/chapter-30-security-auditing/di-30.1-jie-an-quan-shi-jian-shen-ji.md)
* [30.2 Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)](/ask/flat/chapter-30-security-auditing/di-30.2-jie-ru-qin-jian-ce-xi-tong-ids.md)
* [30.3 Third-Party Vulnerabilities and Security Advisories](/ask/flat/chapter-30-security-auditing/di-30.3-jie-di-san-fang-lou-dong-yu-an-quan-gong-gao.md)
* [30.4 Mandatory Access Control Framework (MAC Framework)](/ask/flat/chapter-30-security-auditing/di-30.4-jie-qiang-zhi-fang-wen-kong-zhi-kuang-jia-mac-kuang-jia.md)

## Chapter 31: Firewalls

* [31.1 Overview of Firewalls](/ask/flat/chapter-31-firewalls/di-31.1-jie-fang-huo-qiang-gai-lun.md)
* [31.2 ipfirewall (IPFW)](/ask/flat/chapter-31-firewalls/di-31.2-jie-ipfirewall-ipfw.md)
* [31.3 IPFilter (IPF)](/ask/flat/chapter-31-firewalls/di-31.3-jie-ipfilter-ipf.md)
* [31.4 Packet Filter (PF)](/ask/flat/chapter-31-firewalls/di-31.4-jie-packet-filter-pf.md)
* [31.5 Fail2Ban (Based on IPFW, PF, and IPF)](/ask/flat/chapter-31-firewalls/di-31.5-jie-fail2ban-ji-yu-ipfw-pf-yu-ipf.md)
* [31.6 blocklistd](/ask/flat/chapter-31-firewalls/di-31.6-jie-blocklistd.md)

## Chapter 32: Jail Container Management

* [32.1 Jail Basics](/ask/flat/chapter-32-jail-container-management/di-32.1-jie-jail-ji-chu.md)
* [32.2 Thick Jail](/ask/flat/chapter-32-jail-container-management/di-32.2-jie-hou-jail-thick-jail.md)
* [32.3 Qjail](/ask/flat/chapter-32-jail-container-management/di-32.3-jie-qjail.md)

## Chapter 33: Linux Jails

* [33.1 Linux Jail Basics](/ask/flat/chapter-33-linux-jails/di-33.1-jie-linux-jail-ji-chu.md)
* [33.2 Debian Jail](/ask/flat/chapter-33-linux-jails/di-33.2-jie-debian-jail.md)
* [33.3 Ubuntu Jail](/ask/flat/chapter-33-linux-jails/di-33.3-jie-ubuntu-jail.md)
* [33.4 antiX Linux Jail](/ask/flat/chapter-33-linux-jails/di-33.4-jie-antix-linux-jail.md)
* [33.5 Alpine Jail](/ask/flat/chapter-33-linux-jails/di-33.5-jie-alpine-jail.md)
* [33.6 GUI in Linux Jails](/ask/flat/chapter-33-linux-jails/di-33.6-jie-linux-jail-zhong-de-gui.md)

## Chapter 34: Virtualization and Container Management

* [34.1 Installing Windows 11 with bhyve and vm-bhyve](/ask/flat/chapter-34-virtualization-and-container-management/di-34.1-jie-shi-yong-bhyve-ji-vm-bhyve-gong-ju-an-zhuang-windows-11.md)
* [34.2 Managing bhyve VMs via Web Interface with BVCP](/ask/flat/chapter-34-virtualization-and-container-management/di-34.2-jie-shi-yong-bvcp-tong-guo-web-jie-mian-guan-li-bhyve-xu-ni-ji.md)
* [34.3 Podman Container Management](/ask/flat/chapter-34-virtualization-and-container-management/di-34.3-jie-podman-rong-qi-guan-li.md)
* [34.4 Installing VirtualBox on FreeBSD](/ask/flat/chapter-34-virtualization-and-container-management/di-34.4-jie-zai-freebsd-shang-an-zhuang-virtualbox.md)

## Chapter 35: Database Management

* [35.1 Overview of Databases](/ask/flat/chapter-35-database-management/di-35.1-jie-shu-ju-ku-gai-lun.md)
* [35.2 PostgreSQL](/ask/flat/chapter-35-database-management/di-35.2-jie-postgresql.md)
* [35.3 pgAdmin4](/ask/flat/chapter-35-database-management/di-35.3-jie-pgadmin4.md)
* [35.4 MySQL](/ask/flat/chapter-35-database-management/di-35.4-jie-mysql.md)
* [35.5 MongoDB](/ask/flat/chapter-35-database-management/di-35.5-jie-mongodb.md)

## Chapter 36: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

* [36.1 Overview of File Transfer Protocol (FTP)](/ask/flat/chapter-36-file-transfer-protocol-ftp/di-36.1-jie-wen-jian-chuan-shu-xie-yi-ftp-gai-shu.md)
* [36.2 Pure-FTPd (with MySQL)](/ask/flat/chapter-36-file-transfer-protocol-ftp/di-36.2-jie-pure-ftpd-ji-yu-mysql.md)
* [36.3 ProFTPD (with MySQL)](/ask/flat/chapter-36-file-transfer-protocol-ftp/di-36.3-jie-proftpd-ji-yu-mysql.md)
* [36.4 vsftpd](/ask/flat/chapter-36-file-transfer-protocol-ftp/di-36.4-jie-vsftpd.md)

## Chapter 37: Servers

* [37.1 Rsync Data Synchronization](/ask/flat/chapter-37-servers/di-37.1-jie-rsync-shu-ju-tong-bu.md)
* [37.2 Samba File Sharing](/ask/flat/chapter-37-servers/di-37.2-jie-samba-wen-jian-gong-xiang.md)
* [37.3 Network File System (NFS)](/ask/flat/chapter-37-servers/di-37.3-jie-wang-luo-wen-jian-xi-tong-nfs.md)
* [37.4 Zero-Configuration Networking (mDNS/DNS-SD)](/ask/flat/chapter-37-servers/di-37.4-jie-ling-pei-zhi-wang-luo-mdns-dns-sd.md)
* [37.5 Webmin Management Platform](/ask/flat/chapter-37-servers/di-37.5-jie-webmin-guan-li-ping-tai.md)

## Chapter 38: Web Servers

* [38.1 Apache Web Server](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.1-jie-apache-web-fu-wu-qi.md)
* [38.2 Nginx Web Server](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.2-jie-nginx-web-fu-wu-qi.md)
* [38.3 Caddy Web Server](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.3-jie-caddy-web-fu-wu-qi.md)
* [38.4 PHP](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.4-jie-php.md)
* [38.5 Tomcat Application Server](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.5-jie-tomcat-ying-yong-fu-wu-qi.md)
* [38.6 WildFly Application Server](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.6-jie-wildfly-ying-yong-fu-wu-qi.md)
* [38.7 Nextcloud Cloud Service (with PostgreSQL)](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.7-jie-nextcloud-yun-fu-wu-ji-yu-postgresql.md)
* [38.8 OnlyOffice Deployment (with PostgreSQL)](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.8-jie-onlyoffice-bu-shu-ji-yu-postgresql.md)
* [38.9 GitLab Enterprise Edition Deployment](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.9-jie-gitlab-enterprise-edition-bu-shu.md)
* [38.10 OpenList Deployment](/ask/flat/chapter-38-web-servers/di-38.10-jie-openlist-bu-shu.md)

## Chapter 39: Monitoring Systems

* [39.1 Zabbix Monitoring System (with PostgreSQL)](/ask/flat/chapter-39-monitoring-systems/di-39.1-jie-zabbix-jian-kong-xi-tong-ji-yu-postgresql.md)
* [39.2 Prometheus Monitoring Deployment](/ask/flat/chapter-39-monitoring-systems/di-39.2-jie-prometheus-jian-kong-bu-shu.md)
* [39.3 Telegraf, InfluxDB, and Grafana Monitoring Platform Architecture](/ask/flat/chapter-39-monitoring-systems/di-39.3-jie-telegraf-influxdb-yu-grafana-jian-kong-ping-tai-jia-gou.md)

## Chapter 40: FreeBSD Kernel Architecture

* [40.1 FreeBSD Source Code Directory Structure](/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.1-jie-freebsd-yuan-dai-ma-mu-lu-jie-gou.md)
* [40.2 FreeBSD Kernel File Structure](/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.2-jie-freebsd-nei-he-wen-jian-jie-gou.md)
* [40.3 Machine-Dependent Kernel Options](/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.3-jie-ji-qi-xiang-guan-de-nei-he-xuan-xiang-zhu-jie.md)
* [40.4 Machine-Independent Kernel Options](/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.4-jie-ji-qi-wu-guan-de-nei-he-xuan-xiang-zhu-jie.md)
* [40.5 GENERIC Kernel Options (AMD64)](/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.5-jie-generic-nei-he-xuan-xiang-zhu-jie-amd64.md)
* [40.6 Building a Custom Kernel](/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.6-jie-gou-jian-ding-zhi-nei-he.md)
* [40.7 Cross-Building FreeBSD on a Linux System](/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.7-jie-zai-linux-xi-tong-shang-jiao-cha-gou-jian-freebsd.md)

## Appendix I: Tools and Resources

* [Bug Reporting Process](/ask/flat/appendix-i-tools-and-resources/bug-bao-gao-liu-cheng.md)
* [Subscribing to FreeBSD Mailing Lists](/ask/flat/appendix-i-tools-and-resources/freebsd-you-jian-lie-biao-ding-yue.md)
* [Contributing to FreeBSD Development](/ask/flat/appendix-i-tools-and-resources/freebsd-kai-fa-can-yu-zhi-nan.md)
* [Introduction to microSD Card Parameters](/ask/flat/appendix-i-tools-and-resources/cun-chu-ka.md)
* [V2Ray](/ask/flat/appendix-i-tools-and-resources/v2ray.md)
* [Mihomo](/ask/flat/appendix-i-tools-and-resources/mihomo.md)

## Appendix II: References and Glossary

* [Bibliography](/ask/flat/appendix-ii-references-and-glossary/can-kao-shu-mu.md)
* [Glossary](/ask/flat/appendix-ii-references-and-glossary/shu-yu-biao.md)

## Afterword

* [My Story with FreeBSD](/ask/flat/afterword/wo-yu-freebsd-de-gu-shi.md)


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