Table of Contents

• FreeBSD Ask
• Changelog
• Contributing Guide and Open Tasks
• Table of Contents

Preface

• Preface
• Introduction
• To the Reader: Emancipate the Mind, Return to Authenticity, Uphold Humanism, and Reject the Wrong Path of the Philosophy of Suffering
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: Discovering FreeBSD

• 1.1 What Is UNIX?
• 1.2 The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement
• 1.3 Linux and UNIX-like Systems
• 1.4 What Is FreeBSD
• 1.5 George Berkeley and the BSD Cultural Tradition

Chapter 2: Introduction to FreeBSD

• 2.1 FreeBSD: Ideals, Reality, and the Middle Way
• 2.2 About the FreeBSD Project
• 2.3 FreeBSD Development Model
• 2.4 A Brief History of FreeBSD

Chapter 3: Migration Guide

• 3.1 Migration Guide for Windows Users
• 3.2 Migration Guide for Linux Users
• 3.3 Migration Guide for macOS Users
• 3.4 Overview of Other BSD Distributions
• 3.5 Overview of BSD Licenses

Chapter 4: FreeBSD Installation Basics

• 4.1 Pre-installation Preparation
• 4.2 FreeBSD 15 Installation Guide (AMD64)
• 4.3 Installation Troubleshooting
• 4.4 Restoring a USB Boot Drive in Windows

Chapter 5: Installing FreeBSD on Virtualization Platforms

• 5.1 Installing FreeBSD with VMware Workstation Pro
• 5.2 Installing FreeBSD with VirtualBox
• 5.3 Installing FreeBSD with Hyper-V
• 5.4 Installing FreeBSD on Apple M1 with Parallels Desktop
• 5.5 Installing FreeBSD on Apple M1 with VMware Fusion Pro

Chapter 6: Command-Line Environment

• 6.1 Virtual Consoles and Terminals
• 6.2 Shell Basics
• 6.3 Switching Shells
• 6.4 Command-Line Basics
• 6.5 Text Editors
• 6.6 Compression and Archiving

Chapter 7: Network Management

• 7.1 Computer Networking Basics
• 7.2 Basic Network Management
• 7.3 Wireless Network Management
• 7.4 Bluetooth
• 7.5 USB Network Tethering
• 7.6 System Proxy

Chapter 8: Software Management

• 8.1 Overview of FreeBSD Package Manager
• 8.2 FreeBSD Software Repositories
• 8.3 Managing Binary Packages with pkg
• 8.4 Installing Software from Source with Ports
• 8.5 Ports Build Tuning
• 8.6 Installing Software from DVD
• 8.7 FreeBSD Mirror Site Status

Chapter 9: The X Window System

• 9.1 Overview of Graphics Drivers
• 9.2 Intel Graphics Drivers
• 9.3 AMD Graphics Drivers
• 9.4 NVIDIA Graphics Drivers
• 9.5 System Fonts
• 9.6 Remote Desktop
• 9.7 Root User Desktop Login

Chapter 10: Desktop Environments

• 10.1 KDE 6 Desktop Environment (X11 Session)
• 10.2 KDE 6 Desktop Environment (Wayland Session)
• 10.3 MATE
• 10.4 Xfce
• 10.5 Cinnamon
• 10.6 LXQt
• 10.7 GNOME
• 10.8 IceWM
• 10.9 CDE (To Be Removed)

Chapter 11: Multimedia and External Devices

• 11.1 Sound Cards
• 11.2 Printers
• 11.3 Webcams
• 11.4 Human Input Devices
• 11.5 Audio Players
• 11.6 Video Players
• 11.7 Multimedia Processing
• 11.8 Document Viewers
• 11.9 Web Browsers

Chapter 12: Localization and Input Methods

• 12.1 Localization Environment Variables
• 12.2 Language-Specific Locale Configuration
• 12.3 Fcitx Input Method Framework
• 12.4 IBus Input Method Framework
• 12.5 Wubi Input Method

Chapter 13: FreeBSD System Updates

• 13.1 Updating FreeBSD with freebsd-update
• 13.2 Updating FreeBSD from Source
• 13.3 Updating the Base System with PkgBase
• 13.4 Multi-Version Coexistence with ZFS Boot Environments

Chapter 14: User Accounts and Permissions

• 14.1 Users and Basic Account Management
• 14.2 Permissions
• 14.3 User Classification
• 14.4 Privilege Escalation Tools

Chapter 15: System Booting

• 15.1 Boot Loaders
• 15.2 Boot Messages (dmesg)
• 15.3 Boot Managers and UEFI Firmware
• 15.4 Processes and Daemons
• 15.5 Managing Services in FreeBSD

Chapter 16: Advanced FreeBSD Installation

• 16.1 Dual-Boot Installation (FreeBSD Installed First)
• 16.2 Dual-Boot Installation (FreeBSD Installed Second)
• 16.3 Installing FreeBSD on Tencent Cloud Lighthouse (Legacy Boot/MBR)
• 16.4 Installing FreeBSD on KVM, QEMU, and Other Platforms (Legacy Boot/MBR)
• 16.5 Installing FreeBSD on Alibaba Cloud Lightweight Server (UEFI/GPT)
• 16.6 Installing RISC-V FreeBSD with QEMU (on x86 Windows Host)

Chapter 17: System Administration

• 17.1 System Directory Structure
• 17.2 bsdconfig
• 17.3 OpenSSH
• 17.4 Device Resource Hints
• 17.5 Cron and Periodic
• 17.6 System Log Management
• 17.7 The sysctl Utility
• 17.8 NTP Time Synchronization and Time Zones
• 17.9 Live Images and System Recovery

Chapter 18: Linux Compatibility Layer

• 18.1 Linux Compatibility Layer Architecture
• 18.2 Rocky Linux Compatibility Layer
• 18.3 Ubuntu/Debian/Kali Linux Compatibility Layer
• 18.4 Arch Linux Compatibility Layer
• 18.5 Slackware Linux Compatibility Layer
• 18.6 Gentoo Linux Compatibility Layer
• 18.7 WeChat (Linux Version)
• 18.8 QQ (Linux Version)
• 18.9 WPS Office (Linux Version)
• 18.10 Troubleshooting and Remaining Issues

Chapter 19: Games, Scientific Computing, and Professional Tools

• 19.1 Godot Open-Source Game Engine
• 19.2 Minecraft Server
• 19.3 Minecraft
• 19.4 Steam Client
• 19.5 R
• 19.6 Wine
• 19.7 Scientific Research and Professional Computing

Chapter 20: Artificial Intelligence

• 20.1 AI Terminology and Concepts
• 20.2 Mathematical Foundations of Transformers with Code Examples
• 20.3 Selected Readings in AI Philosophy
• 20.4 Local Deployment of Large Language Models

Chapter 21: Development Environments

• 21.1 C/C++ Development Environment
• 21.2 Java Development Environment
• 21.3 Qt Development Environment
• 21.4 Python Development Environment
• 21.5 Rust Development Environment
• 21.6 Go Development Environment
• 21.7 Node.js Development Environment

Chapter 22: Development Tools

• 22.1 code-server and clangd Development Environment
• 22.2 Vim Development Environment
• 22.3 Debugging FreeBSD with IDA Pro
• 22.4 DTrace

Chapter 23: Embedded Platforms and Development Environments

• 23.1 Installing FreeBSD on Raspberry Pi
• 23.2 Using FreeBSD on Raspberry Pi
• 23.3 Raspberry Pi Linux Compatibility Layer
• 23.4 Radxa X4 x86 Development Board
• 23.5 STM32 Development Environment
• 23.6 ESP-IDF Development Environment
• 23.7 Arduino Development Environment

Chapter 24: Advanced Networking

• 24.1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack
• 24.2 Network Bridges
• 24.3 Link Aggregation and Failover
• 24.4 VLAN

Chapter 25: Storage Management

• 25.1 USB Storage Devices
• 25.2 Virtual Memory Disks
• 25.3 Automatic File System Mounting
• 25.4 Adding Swap Partitions
• 25.5 Encrypted Swap Partitions

Chapter 26: Other File Systems

• 26.1 Windows File Systems
• 26.2 Linux File Systems
• 26.3 macOS File Systems

Chapter 27: The UFS File System

• 27.1 Overview of the UFS File System
• 27.2 Adding UFS Disks
• 27.3 UFS Disk Expansion
• 27.4 UFS Disk Snapshots
• 27.5 UFS Disk Quotas
• 27.6 UFS Disk Encryption

Chapter 28: The ZFS File System

• 28.1 ZFS History and Reality
• 28.2 ZFS Features and Terminology
• 28.3 ZFS Storage Pool Management
• 28.4 Updating ZFS Storage Pools
• 28.5 ZFS Administration
• 28.6 ZFS Tuning
• 28.7 ZFS Delegated Administration
• 28.8 Updating OpenZFS
• 28.9 ZFS Boot Environments

Chapter 29: Security

• 29.1 Overview of Information Security
• 29.2 Account Authentication Security
• 29.3 Resource Limits
• 29.4 Security Levels
• 29.5 OpenSSL

Chapter 30: Security Auditing

• 30.1 Security Event Auditing
• 30.2 Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
• 30.3 Third-Party Vulnerabilities and Security Advisories
• 30.4 Mandatory Access Control Framework (MAC Framework)

Chapter 31: Firewalls

• 31.1 Overview of Firewalls
• 31.2 ipfirewall (IPFW)
• 31.3 IPFilter (IPF)
• 31.4 Packet Filter (PF)
• 31.5 Fail2Ban (Based on IPFW, PF, and IPF)
• 31.6 blocklistd

Chapter 32: Jail Container Management

• 32.1 Jail Basics
• 32.2 Thick Jail
• 32.3 Qjail

Chapter 33: Linux Jails

• 33.1 Linux Jail Basics
• 33.2 Debian Jail
• 33.3 Ubuntu Jail
• 33.4 antiX Linux Jail
• 33.5 Alpine Jail
• 33.6 GUI in Linux Jails

Chapter 34: Virtualization and Container Management

• 34.1 Installing Windows 11 with bhyve and vm-bhyve
• 34.2 Managing bhyve VMs via Web Interface with BVCP
• 34.3 Podman Container Management
• 34.4 Installing VirtualBox on FreeBSD

Chapter 35: Database Management

• 35.1 Overview of Databases
• 35.2 PostgreSQL
• 35.3 pgAdmin4
• 35.4 MySQL
• 35.5 MongoDB

Chapter 36: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• 36.1 Overview of File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• 36.2 Pure-FTPd (with MySQL)
• 36.3 ProFTPD (with MySQL)
• 36.4 vsftpd

Chapter 37: Servers

• 37.1 Rsync Data Synchronization
• 37.2 Samba File Sharing
• 37.3 Network File System (NFS)
• 37.4 Zero-Configuration Networking (mDNS/DNS-SD)
• 37.5 Webmin Management Platform

Chapter 38: Web Servers

• 38.1 Apache Web Server
• 38.2 Nginx Web Server
• 38.3 Caddy Web Server
• 38.4 PHP
• 38.5 Tomcat Application Server
• 38.6 WildFly Application Server
• 38.7 Nextcloud Cloud Service (with PostgreSQL)
• 38.8 OnlyOffice Deployment (with PostgreSQL)
• 38.9 GitLab Enterprise Edition Deployment
• 38.10 OpenList Deployment

Chapter 39: Monitoring Systems

• 39.1 Zabbix Monitoring System (with PostgreSQL)
• 39.2 Prometheus Monitoring Deployment
• 39.3 Telegraf, InfluxDB, and Grafana Monitoring Platform Architecture

Chapter 40: FreeBSD Kernel Architecture

• 40.1 FreeBSD Source Code Directory Structure
• 40.2 FreeBSD Kernel File Structure
• 40.3 Machine-Dependent Kernel Options
• 40.4 Machine-Independent Kernel Options
• 40.5 GENERIC Kernel Options (AMD64)
• 40.6 Building a Custom Kernel
• 40.7 Cross-Building FreeBSD on a Linux System

Appendix I: Tools and Resources

• Bug Reporting Process
• Subscribing to FreeBSD Mailing Lists
• Contributing to FreeBSD Development
• Introduction to microSD Card Parameters
• V2Ray
• Mihomo

Appendix II: References and Glossary

• Bibliography
• Glossary

Afterword

• My Story with FreeBSD