> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/ask/flat/chapter-40-freebsd-kernel-architecture/di-40.5-jie-generic-nei-he-xuan-xiang-zhu-jie-amd64.md). # 40.5 GENERIC Kernel Options (AMD64) GENERIC is the default kernel configuration file for the FreeBSD amd64 architecture, and its options can all be found with corresponding descriptions in the machine-independent and machine-dependent NOTES files. This section lists the complete GENERIC options with item-by-item annotations. For detailed option lists and device line descriptions, refer to the corresponding `NOTES` file. The original meaning of GENERIC is "general-purpose, generic, common." The GENERIC kernel options are the default build options for all images under the amd64 architecture (FreeBSD/amd64 generic kernel configuration file), but CURRENT (main branch) introduces additional debugging options. For ease of explanation and to avoid introducing debugging options that are useless to most non-developers, this section uses the GENERIC kernel options from 15.0-RELEASE (releng/15.0 branch) as an example. * Source: [sys/amd64/conf/GENERIC](https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/blob/releng/15.0/sys/amd64/conf/GENERIC) * Version: [u2f(4): Invert U2F\_MAKE\_UHID\_ALIAS kernel build option](https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/commit/64b530b38be37ebf32596a5ee7ab95f484f49176), nearly 400 lines in total First, the CPU-related configuration options: ```ini cpu HAMMER ``` HAMMER is the codename for AMD K8, namely Opteron and Athlon64. ```ini ident GENERIC ``` This is the kernel "identifier." It should typically be the same as the kernel name. This option sets the kernel name to `GENERIC`. At least one `ident` entry is required. ```ini makeoptions DEBUG=-g ``` Build a kernel that includes gdb(1) debugging symbols. ```ini makeoptions WITH_CTF=1 ``` To support DTrace, run ctfconvert(1) to convert debug data into CTF data. ```ini options SCHED_ULE ``` ULE scheduler. ```ini options NUMA ``` Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) support. ```ini options PREEMPTION ``` Enable kernel thread preemption. ```ini options EXTERR_STRINGS ``` Its former name was `BLOAT_KERNEL_WITH_EXTERR`, used to enable extended kernel error messages. See: Extended errors from kernel\[EB/OL]. \[2026-03-26]. . ```ini options VIMAGE ``` Used for subsystem virtualization, such as VNET. ```ini options INET ``` IPv4 protocol family. The IP protocol family is a set of protocols layered above the Internet Protocol (IP) and using the Internet address format. This protocol family provides protocol support for `SOCK_STREAM`, `SOCK_DGRAM`, and `SOCK_RAW` socket types; the `SOCK_RAW` interface provides access to the IP protocol. ```ini options INET6 ``` IPv6 protocol family. ```ini options IPSEC_SUPPORT ``` Allow loading `ipsec` and `tcpmd5` modules via the `kldload` command. ```ini options IPSEC_OFFLOAD ``` Inline IPsec offload infrastructure. ```ini options ROUTE_MPATH ``` Multipath routing support. ```ini options FIB_ALGO ``` Modular FIB lookup support. ```ini options TCP_OFFLOAD ``` TCP offload support. ```ini options TCP_BLACKBOX ``` Enhanced TCP event logging. ```ini options TCP_HHOOK ``` hhook(9) framework support for TCP. ```ini options TCP_RFC7413 ``` TCP Fast Open. ```ini options SCTP_SUPPORT ``` Allow loading SCTP KLD module support. ```ini options KERN_TLS ``` TLS send and receive offload. ```ini options FFS ``` Berkeley Fast File System (FFS). ```ini options SOFTUPDATES ``` Enable FFS soft updates support. ```ini options UFS_ACL ``` Access control list support. ```ini options UFS_DIRHASH ``` Improve performance for large directories. ```ini options UFS_GJOURNAL ``` Enable gjournal-based UFS journaling. ```ini options QUOTA ``` Enable UFS disk quotas. ```ini options MD_ROOT ``` Allow MD devices to serve as the root device. ```ini options NFSCL ``` Network File System (NFS) client. ```ini options NFSD ``` Network File System (NFS) server. ```ini options NFSLOCKD ``` Network Lock Manager (NLM). ```ini options NFS_ROOT ``` Use NFS as **/**, depends on `NFSCL`. ```ini options MSDOSFS ``` MS-DOS file system. ```ini options CD9660 ``` ISO 9660 file system. ```ini options PROCFS ``` Proc process file system (requires PSEUDOFS support). ```ini options PSEUDOFS ``` Pseudo-file system framework. ```ini options TMPFS ``` Efficient memory file system. ```ini options GEOM_RAID ``` Software RAID support. ```ini options GEOM_LABEL ``` Provides GEOM label functionality. ```ini options EFIRT ``` EFI runtime services support. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD32 ``` i386 binary compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD4 ``` FreeBSD 4 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD5 ``` FreeBSD 5 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD6 ``` FreeBSD 6 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD7 ``` FreeBSD 7 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD9 ``` FreeBSD 9 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD10 ``` FreeBSD 10 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD11 ``` FreeBSD 11 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD12 ``` FreeBSD 12 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD13 ``` FreeBSD 13 compatibility. ```ini options COMPAT_FREEBSD14 ``` FreeBSD 14 compatibility. ```ini options SCSI_DELAY=5000 ``` Delay time (in milliseconds) before probing SCSI devices. ```ini options KTRACE ``` ktrace(1) support. ```ini options STACK ``` stack(9) support. ```ini options SYSVSHM ``` SYSV-style shared memory. ```ini options SYSVMSG ``` SYSV-style message queues. ```ini options SYSVSEM ``` SYSV-style semaphores. ```ini options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING ``` POSIX P1003\_1B real-time extensions. ```ini options PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE=128 ``` Prevent interleaving of printf output. ```ini options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV ``` Create character device (CDEV) entries in **/dev**. ```ini options HWPMC_HOOKS ``` Kernel hooks required by hwpmc(4). ```ini options AUDIT ``` Security event auditing. ```ini options CAPABILITY_MODE ``` Capsicum capability mode. ```ini options CAPABILITIES ``` Capsicum capabilities. ```ini options MAC ``` TrustedBSD MAC framework. ```ini options KDTRACE_FRAME ``` Ensure kernel is compiled with stack frame information. ```ini options KDTRACE_HOOKS ``` Kernel DTrace hooks. ```ini options DDB_CTF ``` Allow kernel ELF linker to load CTF data. ```ini options INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE ``` Embed this configuration file into the kernel; it can be extracted via `config -x` or viewed through `sysctl kern.conftxt`. ```ini options RACCT ``` Resource accounting framework. ```ini options RACCT_DEFAULT_TO_DISABLED ``` Set `kern.racct.enable=0` by default. ```ini options RCTL ``` Resource limits framework. ## Debugging Support (Always Required) This subsection introduces options related to debugging support that are always required. ```ini options KDB ``` Enable kernel debugger support. ```ini options KDB_TRACE ``` Print stack trace on panic. ## Kernel Dump Functionality This subsection introduces kernel dump related configuration options. ```ini options EKCD ``` Support for encrypted kernel dumps. ```ini options GZIO ``` Support for gzip-compressed kernel and user dumps. ```ini options ZSTDIO ``` Support for zstd-compressed kernel and user dumps. ```ini options DEBUGNET ``` debugnet network support. ```ini options NETDUMP ``` netdump(4) client support. ```ini options NETGDB ``` netgdb(4) client support. ```ini options SMP ``` Build a kernel with SMP (Symmetric MultiProcessor) support by default. ```ini device cpufreq ``` CPU frequency control support. ## Bus Support This subsection introduces options for various bus support. ```ini device acpi ``` ACPI support. ```ini device smbios ``` smbios, i.e., System Management BIOS, provides basic system management support. ```ini options IOMMU ``` Enable IOMMU. ```ini device pci ``` Generic PCI/PCIe bus driver. ```ini options PCI_HP ``` PCIe native hot-plug support. ```ini options PCI_IOV ``` PCI SR-IOV support. ```ini options COMPAT_LINUXKPI ``` Enable Linux Kernel Programming Interface (KPI) compatibility layer. ```ini options PPS_SYNC ``` Enable kernel PLL support for using external PPS signals, monitored by ntpd(8). For more information, see the ntpd documentation: Welcome to the home of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) Project.\[EB/OL]. \[2026-03-26]. . ```ini device fdc ``` Floppy disk drive support. fdc is a legacy ISA bus era driver; floppy disk drives have largely disappeared from modern systems, and this driver is retained only for compatibility with older hardware. ## ATA Controllers This subsection introduces ATA controller related options. ```ini device ahci ``` AHCI-compatible SATA controller support. ```ini device ata ``` Legacy ATA/SATA controller support. ata(4) is the older subsystem driver with fewer features, and has been superseded by the CAM subsystem-based ahci, mvs, and siis drivers, which support the same hardware and provide more features. ata is only necessary when compatibility with non-AHCI legacy ATA controllers is required. ```ini device mvs ``` Marvell 88SX50XX/88SX60XX/88SX70XX and SoC SATA controllers. ```ini device siis ``` Silicon Image SiI3124/SiI3132/SiI3531 SATA controllers. ## SCSI Controllers This subsection introduces SCSI controller related options. ```ini device ahc ``` AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx SCSI devices. ```ini device ahd ``` AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices. ```ini device hptiop ``` Highpoint RocketRaid 3xxx series. ```ini device isp ``` QLogic series controllers. ```ini #device ispfw ``` Firmware for QLogic HBAs, typically loaded as a module. ```ini device mpt ``` LSI Logic MPT-Fusion controllers. ```ini device mps ``` LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion 2. ```ini device mpr ``` LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion 3. ```ini device mpi3mr ``` Broadcom MPIMR 3.0 IT/IR 24Gb/s SAS Tri-Mode RAID controller. ```ini device sym ``` NCR/Symbios Logic SCSI controllers. ```ini device isci ``` Intel C600 series SAS controllers. ```ini device ocs_fc ``` Emulex Fibre Channel adapters. ```ini device pvscsi ``` VMware PVSCSI. ## ATA/SCSI Peripherals This subsection introduces ATA/SCSI peripheral related options. ```ini device scbus ``` SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI devices). ```ini device ch ``` SCSI medium changer. ```ini device da ``` Direct access devices (e.g., disks). ```ini device sa ``` Sequential access devices (e.g., tapes). ```ini device cd ``` Optical discs. ```ini device pass ``` Passthrough device (for direct ATA/SCSI access). ```ini device ses ``` Enclosure services (SES and SAF-TE protocols). ```ini #device ctl ``` CAM target layer. ## RAID Controllers Connected via the SCSI Subsystem This subsection introduces options for RAID controllers connected via the SCSI subsystem. ```ini device arcmsr ``` Areca SATA II RAID. ```ini device ciss ``` Compaq Smart Array 5\*/6\* series controllers. ```ini device ips ``` IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID. ```ini device smartpqi ``` Microchip smartpqi driver. ```ini device tws ``` LSI 3ware 9750 SATA+SAS 6Gb/s RAID controllers. ```ini device aac ``` RAID controller, Adaptec FSA RAID series. ```ini device aacp ``` SCSI passthrough support for aac (requires CAM). ```ini device aacraid ``` Adaptec RAID by PMC. ```ini device ida ``` Compaq Smart RAID. ```ini device mfi ``` LSI MegaRAID SAS. ```ini device mlx ``` Mylex DAC960 series. ```ini device mrsas ``` LSI/Avago MegaRAID SAS/SATA, 6Gb/s and 12Gb/s support. ```ini #device pst ``` Promise SuperTrak SX6000 RAID controller. ## NVM Express (NVMe) Support This subsection introduces NVM Express (NVMe) related support options. ```ini device nvme ``` Base NVMe driver. ```ini device nvd ``` Exposes NVMe namespaces as disk devices, depends on `nvme`. ```ini device ufshci # UFS Host Controller ``` Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Host Controller Interface support. ```ini device vmd ``` Intel Volume Management Device (VMD) support. ```ini device atkbdc ``` AT keyboard controller. atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and PS/2 mouse. ```ini device atkbd ``` AT keyboard. ```ini device psm ``` PS/2 mouse. ```ini device kbdmux ``` Keyboard multiplexer. ```ini device vga ``` VGA graphics driver. ```ini device splash ``` Boot splash screen and screen saver support. ```ini device sc ``` syscons is the traditional console driver, functionally similar to the SCO console. syscons has been superseded by vt(4) as the default console driver and is incompatible with UEFI-booted systems; new deployments are recommended to use vt(4). See: syscons(4)\[EB/OL]. \[2026-06-10]. . ```ini options SC_PIXEL_MODE ``` Add support for rasterized text modes. ```ini device vt device vt_vga device vt_efifb device vt_vbefb ``` vt is the default video console driver. ```ini device agp ``` Support for various AGP chipsets. ## CardBus Bridges This subsection introduces CardBus bridge related options. ```ini device cbb ``` CardBus (Yenta) bridge. ```ini device cardbus ``` CardBus (32-bit) bus. ## Serial Ports (COM Ports) This subsection introduces serial port (COM port) related options. ```ini device uart ``` Generic UART driver. ## Parallel Ports This subsection introduces parallel port related options. ```ini device ppc ``` Parallel port. ```ini device ppbus ``` Parallel port bus (required). ```ini device lpt ``` Printer. ```ini device ppi ``` Parallel port device. ```ini #device vpo ``` Requires scbus and da. ```ini device puc ``` Multi-I/O card and multi-channel UART support. ```ini device iflib ``` PCI/PCI-X/PCIe Ethernet NICs using the iflib infrastructure. ```ini device em ``` Intel PRO/1000 series Gigabit Ethernet NICs. ```ini device igc ``` Intel I225 series 2.5GbE Ethernet NICs. ```ini device ix ``` Intel PRO/10GbE PCIe PF Ethernet. ```ini device ixv ``` Intel PRO/10GbE PCIe VF Ethernet. ```ini device ixl ``` Intel 700 series Physical Function (PF). ```ini device iavf ``` Intel Adaptive Virtual Function (AVF). ```ini device ice ``` Intel 800 series Physical Function (PF). ```ini device vmx ``` VMware VMXNET3 Ethernet. ```ini device axp ``` AMD EPYC integrated NIC (requires `miibus` support). ## PCI Ethernet NICs This subsection introduces PCI Ethernet NIC related options. ```ini device bxe ``` Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM5771X/BCM578XX 10GbE. ```ini device le ``` AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx PCnet. ```ini device ti ``` Alteon Networks Tigon I/II Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device mlx5 ``` Base driver. NVIDIA/Mellanox ConnectX-4 and later models, Ethernet only: * Depends on `COMPAT_LINUXKPI` and xz(1) * mlx5ib depends on ibcore infrastructure, not built-in by default ```ini device mlxfw ``` For firmware updates. ```ini device mlx5en ``` Ethernet driver. ```ini device miibus ``` MII bus support. For PCI Ethernet NICs that use generic MII bus controller code. > **Note** > > Be sure to keep the `device miibus` line, otherwise the above NICs will not work ```ini device ae ``` Attansic/Atheros L2 Fast Ethernet. ```ini device age ``` Attansic/Atheros L1 Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device alc ``` Atheros AR8131/AR8132 Ethernet. ```ini device ale ``` Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Ethernet. ```ini device bce ``` Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device bfe ``` Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet. ```ini device bge ``` Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device cas ``` Sun Cassini/Cassini+ and NS DP83065 Saturn. ```ini device dc ``` DEC/Intel 21143 and various compatible chips. ```ini device et ``` Agere ET1310 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device fxp ``` Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558). ```ini device gem ``` Sun GEM/Sun ERI/Apple GMAC. ```ini device jme ``` JMicron JMC250 Gigabit Ethernet / JMC260 Fast Ethernet. ```ini device lge ``` Level 1 LXT1001 Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device msk ``` Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device nfe ``` NVIDIA nForce MCP onboard Ethernet. ```ini device nge ``` NatSemi DP83820 Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device re ``` RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S. ```ini device rl ``` RealTek 8129/8139. ```ini device sge ``` Silicon Integrated Systems SiS190/191. ```ini device sis ``` Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016. ```ini device sk ``` SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device ste ``` Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX). ```ini device stge ``` Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device vge ``` VIA VT612x Gigabit Ethernet. ```ini device vr ``` VIA Rhine, Rhine II. ```ini device xl ``` 3Com 3c90x ("Boomerang", "Cyclone"). ## Wireless NICs This subsection introduces wireless NIC related options. ```ini device wlan ``` IEEE 802.11 support. ```ini options IEEE80211_DEBUG ``` Enable debugging information. ```ini options IEEE80211_SUPPORT_MESH ``` Enable IEEE 802.11s draft support. ```ini device wlan_wep ``` 802.11 WEP support. ```ini device wlan_tkip ``` 802.11 TKIP support. ```ini device wlan_ccmp ``` 802.11 CCMP support. ```ini device wlan_gcmp ``` 802.11 GCMP support. ```ini device wlan_amrr ``` AMRR transmit rate control algorithm (Adaptive Multi Rate Retry). ```ini device ath ``` Atheros CardBus/PCI NICs. ```ini device ath_hal ``` Atheros CardBus/PCI chip support. ```ini options AH_AR5416_INTERRUPT_MITIGATION ``` AR5416 interrupt mitigation. ```ini device ath_rate_sample ``` SampleRate transmit rate control algorithm for `ath`. ```ini #device bwi ``` Broadcom BCM430x/BCM431x wireless NICs. ```ini #device bwn ``` Broadcom BCM43xx wireless NICs. ```ini device ipw ``` Intel 2100 wireless NICs. ```ini device iwi ``` Intel 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG wireless NICs. ```ini device iwn ``` Intel 4965/1000/5000/6000 wireless NICs. ```ini device malo ``` Marvell Libertas wireless NICs. ```ini device mwl ``` Marvell 88W8363 802.11n wireless NICs. ```ini device ral ``` Ralink Technology RT2500 wireless NICs. ```ini device wpi ``` Intel 3945ABG wireless NICs. ## Pseudo-Devices This subsection introduces pseudo-device related options. ```ini device crypto ``` Core cryptographic support. ```ini device aesni ``` AES-NI OpenCrypto acceleration module. ```ini device loop ``` Network loopback interface. ```ini device padlock_rng ``` VIA Padlock random number generator. ```ini device rdrand_rng ``` Intel Bull Mountain random number generator. ```ini device ether ``` Ethernet support. ```ini device vlan ``` 802.1Q VLAN support. ```ini device tuntap ``` Packet tunnel interface. ```ini device md ``` Memory "disk." ```ini device gif ``` IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling. ```ini device firmware ``` Firmware helper module. ```ini device xz ``` LZMA decompression support. ```ini device bpf # Berkeley Packet Filter ``` The `bpf` device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter; when enabled, be mindful of its system administration implications. > **Note** > > DHCP depends on `bpf`. ## USB Support This subsection introduces USB support related options. ```ini options USB_DEBUG ``` Enable USB debugging information. ```ini device uhci ``` UHCI PCI-to-USB interface. ```ini device ohci ``` OHCI PCI-to-USB interface. ```ini device ehci ``` EHCI PCI-to-USB interface (USB 2.0). ```ini device xhci ``` xHCI PCI-to-USB interface (USB 3.0). ```ini device usb ``` USB bus (required). ```ini device usbhid ``` USB HID transport. ```ini device hkbd ``` HID keyboard. ```ini device ukbd ``` USB keyboard. ```ini device umass ``` Disk / mass storage, requires `scbus` and `da`. ## Audio Support This subsection introduces audio support related options. ```ini device sound ``` Generic sound card driver (required). ```ini device snd_cmi ``` CMedia CMI8338/CMI8738. ```ini device snd_csa ``` Crystal Semiconductor CS461x/428x. ```ini device snd_emu10kx ``` Creative SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy. ```ini device snd_es137x ``` Ensoniq AudioPCI ES137x. ```ini device snd_hda ``` Intel High Definition Audio. ```ini device snd_ich ``` Intel, NVIDIA, and other ICH AC'97 audio. ```ini device snd_via8233 ``` VIA VT8233x audio. ## MMC/SD This subsection introduces MMC/SD related options. ```ini device mmc ``` MMC/SD bus. ```ini device mmcsd ``` MMC/SD memory cards. ```ini device sdhci ``` Generic PCI SD host controller. ## VirtIO This subsection introduces VirtIO related options. ```ini device virtio ``` Generic VirtIO bus (required). ```ini device virtio_pci ``` VirtIO PCI device. ```ini device vtnet ``` VirtIO Ethernet device. ```ini device virtio_blk ``` VirtIO block device. ```ini device virtio_scsi ``` VirtIO SCSI device. ```ini device virtio_balloon ``` VirtIO memory balloon device. ## Linux KVM Paravirtualization Support This subsection introduces Linux KVM paravirtualization support related options. ```ini device kvm_clock ``` KVM paravirtualized clock driver. ## Hyper-V Drivers and Enhanced Support This subsection introduces Hyper-V driver and enhanced support related options. ```ini device hyperv ``` Hyper-V driver. ## Xen HVM Guest Optimization This subsection introduces Xen HVM guest optimization related options. ```ini options XENHVM ``` Xen HVM kernel infrastructure. > **Note** > > XENHVM depends on xenpci and xentimer. They must all be present or all absent. ```ini device xenefi ``` Xen EFI timer device. ```ini device xenpci ``` Xen HVM hypervisor service driver. ```ini device xentimer ``` Xen x86 PV timer device. ## netmap(4) Support This subsection introduces netmap(4) support related options. ```ini device netmap ``` Netmap provides direct access support for transmit/receive rings of supported NICs. ## evdev Interface This subsection introduces evdev interface related options. ```ini options EVDEV_SUPPORT ``` Enable evdev interface support in legacy drivers. ```ini device evdev ``` Input event device support. ```ini device uinput ``` Install character device (CDEV) **/dev/uinput**. ## HID Support This subsection introduces HID support related options. ```ini options HID_DEBUG ``` Enable debug message output. ```ini device hid ``` Generic HID support. ```ini device hidbus ``` Generic HID bus. ```ini options IICHID_SAMPLING ``` Workaround for missing GPIO interrupt support. ## EFI Devices This subsection introduces EFI device related options. ```ini device efidev ``` EFI pseudo-device. ```ini device efirtc ``` EFI real-time clock. --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. 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