> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.bsdcn.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.bsdcn.org/ask/flat/chapter-35-database-management/di-35.4-jie-mysql.md). # 35.4 MySQL MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (Relational Database Management System, RDBMS) primarily developed by Oracle Corporation. MySQL 9.7 is the latest Long Term Support (LTS) version, and MySQL 8.4 is the previous Long Term Support (LTS) version. ## Installing MySQL 8.4 LTS Install using pkg: ```sh # pkg install mysql84-server ``` Or install using Ports: ```sh # cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql84-server/ # make install clean ``` View the post-installation instructions: ```sh # pkg info -D mysql84-server ``` ## Installing MySQL 9.7 LTS Install using pkg: ```sh # pkg install mysql97-server ``` Or install using Ports: ```sh # cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql97-server/ # make install clean ``` View the post-installation instructions: ```sh # pkg info -D mysql97-server ``` ## Starting the Service After installation is complete, you need to start the MySQL service before you can use it. Set the MySQL service to start on boot: ```sh # service mysql-server enable ``` Start the MySQL service immediately: ```sh # service mysql-server start ``` ## Logging In After the service starts, you can log in to MySQL using the command-line client (which will be automatically installed as a dependency). According to the installation instructions, the default password for MySQL 8.4 and 9.7 is empty; just press Enter when prompted for a password. Log in to the MySQL server as the root user, and enter the password when prompted: ```sql # mysql -uroot -p Enter password: # Press Enter directly here Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.4.9 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> ``` ## Changing the Password For database security, it is recommended to change the root user password immediately after the first login. The following command sets the root user password of the database to `SecurePass123!`; the change takes effect immediately, and then exits MySQL. ```sql mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'SecurePass123!'; -- Change the root user password to SecurePass123!; ALTER USER directly modifies the grant tables and takes effect immediately Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> quit; -- Exit the MySQL command-line client Bye ``` > **Tip** > > The `SecurePass123!` in the above example is a placeholder and needs to be replaced with an actual value. Log in again: ```sql # mysql -uroot -p # Log in to MySQL as the root user, and enter the password when prompted Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.4.9 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; -- Display all databases in the current MySQL instance +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit; -- Exit the MySQL command-line client Bye ``` ## MySQL Configuration File The MySQL configuration file structure is as follows. ```sh / └── usr/ └── local/ └── etc/ └── mysql/ ├── my.cnf # MySQL configuration file └── my.cnf.sample # MySQL configuration file sample ``` If you need to further configure MySQL, you can modify its configuration file. The configuration file can adjust various database parameters, such as memory usage, number of connections, etc. The default MySQL configuration file template is located at **/usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf.sample**, and the actual default configuration file is located at **/usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf** (default content is empty). Copy the MySQL sample configuration file to the active configuration file: ```sh # cp /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf.sample /usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf ``` Then modify the **/usr/local/etc/mysql/my.cnf** file as needed. If you need to use a custom configuration file path, you can write the following in the **/etc/rc.conf** file: ```ini mysql_optfile="/abc/xyz.cnf" ``` --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. 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